Portal hypertensive gastropathy: A systematic review of the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, natural history and therapy

Table 2 Rates of portal hypertensive gastropathy in patients with cirrhosis

Ref.	Patients	Total number	PHG	Mild	Severe
Sacchetti et al[24]	Cirrhosis	142	38 (27%)	28 (20%)	10 (7%)
D'Amico et al[25]	Cirrhosis	212	130 (61%)	110 (52%)	20 (9%)
Calès et al[26]	Cirrhosis	100	98 (98%)	57 (57%)	41 (41%)
Rabinovitz et al[27]	Cirrhosis	510	(43%)	Not reported	Not reported
Iwao et al[28]	Cirrhosis	47	32 (68%)	15 (32%)	17 (36%)
Taranto et al[29]	Cirrhosis	394	317 (80.5%)	Not reported	Not reported
Gupta et al[30]	Cirrhosis	230	(61%)	(52%)	(9%)
Iwao et al[31]	Cirrhosis	476	254 (53%)	208 (43%)	46 (9%)
Carpinelli et al[32]	Cirrhosis	566	362 (64%)	192 (34%)	170 (30%)
Zaman et al[33]	Cirrhosis	120	74 (62%)	47 (39%)	27 (23%)
Primignani et al[34]	Cirrhosis	373	299 (80%)	127 (34%)	172 (46%)
Chaves et al[35]	Cirrhosis vs schistosomiasis	43	18 (81%) vs 7 (33%)	Not reported	Not reported
Merkel et al[36]	Cirrhosis	62	49 (79%)	29 (46%)	20 (32%)
Merli et al[37]	Cirrhosis, with mild portal hypertension	222	48 (21%)	43 (19%)	5 (2%)
Ito et al[38]	Cirrhosis	47	13 (27%)	10 (21%)	3 (6%)
De Palma et al[39]	Cirrhosis	37	23 (62%)	Not reported	Not reported
Menchén et al[40]	Cirrhosis	549	353 (64%)	275 (50%)	77 (14%)
Yüksel et al[41]	Cirrhosis	114 total	76 (66%)	38 (33%)	38 (33%)
Fontana et al[42]	Cirrhosis or bridging fibrosis from hepatitis C	1016	374 (37%)	345 (34%)	29 (3%)
Bresci et al[43]	Cirrhosis	85	36 (42%)	Not reported	Not reported
Akatsu et al[44]	End stage liver disease	29	19 (65.5%)	18 (62.1%)	1 (3.4%)
Zardi et al[45]	Cirrhosis	266	84 (31%)	Not reported	Not reported
Barakat et al[46]	Cirrhosis with portal hypertensive duodenopathy	105	105 (100%)	17 (16.2%)	88 (83.8%)
Bellis et al[47]	Cirrhosis	59	44 (76%)	16 (27%)	28 (47%)
Gravante et al[48]	Liver transplant candidates with cirrhosis	80	41 (51.2%)	Not reported	Not reported
Canlas et al[49]	Cirrhosis	19	13 (68.4%)	Not reported	Not reported
Kim et al[50]	Cirrhosis	83	48 (57.8%)	Not reported	Not reported
Higaki et al[51]	Cirrhosis	21	8 (38%)	Not reported	Not reported
Frenette et al[52]	Cirrhosis	50	45 (90%)	28 (56%)	17 (34%) moderate
Tarantino et al[53]	Cirrhosis	153	88 (57.5%)	Not reported	Not reported
Curvêlo et al[54]	Cirrhosis	46	43 (93.4%)	21 (45%)	22 (47%)
Anegawa et al[55]	Cirrhosis	70	49 (70%)	32 (46%)	17 (24%)
Kumar et al[56]	Cirrhosis	254	140 (55%)	Not reported	Not reported
Kim et al[57]	Cirrhosis	331	298 (90%)	Mild 84 (25.4%)	214 (64.7%)
De Lisi et al[58]	Cirrhosis	611	448 (73.3%)	37.3%	36%
Abbasi et al[59]	Cirrhosis	102	87 (85%)	Not reported	Not reported
Ahmed et al[60]	Cirrhosis from hepatitis B or hepatitis C	360	300 (83%)	229 (64%)	71 (20%)
Garcia-Saenz-de-Sicilia et al[61]	Cirrhosis	105	72 (68.6%)	Not reported	Not reported
Abbasi et al[62]	Cirrhosis	217	172 (79.3%)	56 (25.8%)	116 (53.5%)
Aoyama et al[63]	Cirrhosis	60	13 (22%)	Not reported	Not reported
Laleman et al[64]	Cirrhosis with refractory chronic hepatic encephalopathy	36	13 (36%)	9 (25%)	4 (11%)
Giannini et al[65]	Cirrhosis and undergoing surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma	152	23 (15.1%)	Not reported	Not reported
Abdollahi et al[21]	Autoimmune hepatitis	60	27 (45%)	Not reported	Not reported
Aoyama et al[23]	Portal hypertension	119	35 (29%)	Not reported	Not reported
Aoyama et al[66]	Cirrhosis	134	42 (31%)	Not reported	Not reported
Zardi et al[67]	Cirrhosis without gastroesophageal varices	145	75 (51%)	45 (31%)	30 (20%)
Wu et al[68]	Cirrhosis	700	449 (64%)	Mild 208 (29.7), moderate 160 (22.9%)	Severe 81 (11.6%)

PHG: Portal hypertensive gastropathy.