Primary liver injury and delayed resolution of liver stiffness after alcohol detoxification in heavy drinkers with the PNPLA3 variant I148M

Table 1 Patient characteristics before and after alcohol withdrawal

Parameters	Before withdrawal(n = 521)	After withdrawal(n = 370)
Demographic characteristics
Male (%)	72.1
Age (yr)	50.2 ± 11.3
Risk factors
BMI (kg/m2)	25.2 ± 4.6
H/W ratio	1.0 ± 0.1
Alcohol consumption (g/d)	192.1 ± 139.7
Duration (yr)	19.9 ± 13.3
Smoker (%)	70.9
Diabetes (%)	10.0
Coronary heart disease (%)	5.1
RR (%)	34.5
Ascites (%)	9.0
F0 (%)	47.4
F1-2 (%)	17.1
F3 (%)	10.8
F4 (%)	24.7
Noninvasive parameters
Hepatic steatosis (0-3, US)	1.9 ± 0.9
Liver stiffness (kPa)	15.8 ± 21.1	12.6 ± 18.1
Laboratory parameters
AST (U/L)	101 ± 108	54 ± 48
ALT (U/L)	70 ± 79	52 ± 46
GGT (U/L)	398 ± 577	268 ± 360
AP (U/L)	109 ± 76	88 ± 55
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	1.3 ± 2.8	0.9 ± 2.3
Albumin (g/dL)	5.0 ± 6.0
INR	1.2 ± 3.4	1.2 ± 5.1
Urea (mg/dL)	22.6 ± 16.6	23.7 ± 12.5
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.7 ± 0.3	0.8 ± 0.2
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	14.2 ± 2.2	13.8 ± 1.8
Platelets (/nL)	209 ± 87	215 ± 82
Glucose (mg/dL)	109.1 ± 36.4
HbA1C (%)	5.6 ± 1.0
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	195.7 ± 206.6
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	215.9 ± 58.2
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	72.3 ± 36.9
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	112.6 ± 45.6
Lipase (U/L)	63.6 ± 164.8	60.7 ± 56.3
Ferritin (ng/mL)	580.6 ± 650.5
CRP (mg/dL)	6.1 ± 15.9	7.1 ± 12.5

Data are presented as mean ± SD or in %. BMI: Body mass index; H/W ratio: Hip to waist ratio; RR: Hypertension; F: Fibrosis stage; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase; AP: Alkaline phosphatase; INR: International normalized ratio (Prothrombin); HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; CRP: C-reactive protein; US: Ultrasound.