Toll-like receptors in pathophysiology of liver diseases

Figure 2 Enhanced lipopolysaccharide/toll-like receptors 4 signaling in chronic liver diseases. Induction of anti-viral responses, inflammation, steatosis, fibrosis, and hepatocarcinoma via LPS/TLR4 signaling alongside hepatic fibrosis mediated portal hypertension which further increases bacterial overgrowth and intestinal permeability, creating a positive feedback process. TLR4: Toll-like receptors 4; LPS: Lipopolysaccharide.