Changes in cellular proliferation and plasma products are associated with liver failure

Table 5 Variables from hepatitis A virus Ag-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell phenotypes from patients with acute hepatitis A infection and healthy subjects

Phenotypes/cytokines (HAVAg)	HC (n = 10)	AH (n = 8)	ALF (n = 8)	HC vs AH	HC vs ALF	AH vs ALF
PI of CD3+	1.09 ± 0.85	3.15 ± 1.92	3.34 ± 2.29	0.0053	0.0044	ns
	(0.64-1.55)	(1.54-4.76)	(1.42-5.25)
CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ (%)	0.85 ± 0.96	1.0 ± 0.97	3.19 ± 1.49	ns	0.0011	0.0070
	(0.34-1.37)	(0.18-1.81)	(1.95-4.44)
CD4+CD29+CD44+ (%)	11.99 ± 6.43	27.93 ± 8.16	5.46 ± 5.92	0.0008	0.0077	0.0006
	(8.55-15.42)	(21.1-34.76)	(0.50-10.42)
CD8+CD29+CD44+ (%)	12.65 ± 4.31	30.13 ± 6.74	36.05 ± 10.59	0.0001	0.0001	ns
	(10.35-14.95)	(24.49-35.77)	(27.19-44.90)
CD3-CD56+CD16- (%)	0.19 ± 0.20	0.30 ± 0.19	1.33 ± 0.85	ns	0.0009	0.0005
	(0.05-0.34)	(0.13-0.46)	(0.62-2.04)
CD3-CD56lowCD16+ (%)	4.28 ± 2.22	10.09 ± 8.94	14.24 ± 11.81	ns	ns	ns
	(2.70-5.87)	(2.61-17.5)	(4.36-24.12)
CD3+CD56+CD16+ (%)	1.67 ± 2.71	4.25 ± 4.06	15.06 ± 7.74	0.0110	0.0003	0.0019
	(0.22-3.12)	(0.85-7.65)	(8.58-21.53)
IL-6 (pg/mL)	50.49 ± 76.14	76.41 ± 93.18	139.7 ± 165.9	ns	ns	ns
	(9.92-91.06)	(-1.46-154.3)	(0.98-278.4)
TNFα (pg/mL)	92.49 ± 133.4	23.96 ± 28.92	1.63 ± 1.01	ns	0.0089	0.0098
	(21.42-163.6)	(-0.21-48.14)	(0.78-2.48)
IL-10 (pg/mL)	10.39 ± 13.97	52.78 ± 62.06	164.3 ± 75.56	0.0297	0.0001	0.0148
	(2.94-17.84)	(0.89-104.7)	(101.1-227.5)
IFNγ (pg/mL)	0.88 ± 1.08	106.6 ± 183.9	1095 ± 1962	0.0035	0.0001	0.0499
	(0.30-1.46)	(-47.14-260.4)	(-546-2735)
IL-8 (pg/mL)	88.64 ± 45.40	148.9 ± 54.77	150.2 ± 72.19	0.0131	0.0110	ns
	(64.44-112.8)	(103.1-194.7)	(89.84-210.5)
IL-17 (pg/mL)	3.36 ± 3.75	32.61 ± 38.30	7.58 ± 5.43	0.0008	ns	0.0499
	(1.36-5.36)	(0.59-64.64)	(3.05-12.13)

The differences between the hepatitis A-induced acute liver failure (ALF) patients, the self-limited acute hepatitis A (AH) patients and the healthy control (HC) subjects were evaluated by intergroup comparisons using the Mann-Whitney U-test. The significance cutoff for all statistical analyses was defined as P < 0.05. IL: Interleukin; IFNγ: Interferon gamma; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha; ns: Not significant; PI: Proliferation index.