Liver resections can be performed safely without Pringle maneuver: A prospective study

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics shown as total and as subgroups according to the types of resection n (%)

Patient characteristics	Total	Anatomical resections	Atypical resections > 5 cm	Combination of ana-tomical and atypical resections > 5 cm	P-values3
No. of liver resections	175	84	54	37	n.d.
No. of liver surgeries	143	77	50	16	n.d.
No. of surgeries with ≥ 2 similar resections	14 (9.8)	7 (9.1)	4 (8.0)	3 (18.8)	n.d.
No. of surgeries with ≥ 1 additional wedge resection5	29 (20.3)	10 (13.0)	14 (28)	5 (31.3)	n.d.
No. of surgeries with ≥ 1 additional radiofrequency ablation	25 (17.5)	7 (9.1)	11 (22)	7 (43.8)	n.d.
Demographics
Gender (female/male)1	74/69	41/36	24/26	9/7	0.48043
BMI (kg/m2)2	25.5 (17.4-53.2)	24.8 (17.4-53.2)	27.1 (18.1-36.0)	25.2 (18.8-29.6)	0.36604
Age (yr)2	60.0 (16-85)	59.0 (16-85)	61.5 (28-84)	63.5 (22-78)	0.49524
Preoperative ASA scores 1/2/3/41	8/77/58/0	3/42/32/0	2/28/20/0	3/7/6/0	0.42473
	5/54/41/0	4/54/42/0	4/56/40.0/0	19/44/37/0
Indications for liver surgery					< 0.00013
Malignant primary liver tumors	23 (16.1)	15 (19.5)	8 (16.0)	0
Liver metastases	91 (63.6)	44 (57.1)	34 (68.0)	13 (81.2)
Benign liver tumors	19 (13.3)	10 (13.0)	6 (12.0)	3 (18.8)
Others	10 (7.0)	8 (10.4)	2 (4.0)	0
Preoperative chemotherapy1	70 (49.0)	33 (42.9)	26 (52)	11 (68.8)	0.42813
Steatosis grade of normal liver2					0.91953
Steatosis 0%-9% (grade 0)	103 (72.0)	56 (72.7)	37 (74.0)	10 (62.5)
Steatosis 10%-29% (grade 1)	26 (18.2)	14 (18.2)	8 (16.0)	4 (25.0)
Steatosis ≥ 30% (grade 2)	14 (9.8)	7 (9.1)	5 (10.0)	2 (12.5)
Cirrhosis (Child-Pugh A)1	9 (6.3)	5 (6.5)	4 (8.0)	0	0.85683

¹Values are total number of patients (%);

²Continuous variables are expressed as median (range);

³P-values of categorical variables;

⁴Calculated by χ² test and continous ones by One-way Anova analysis of variance. No significance between the group of anatomical, atypical, and combinated resections for selected variables was found, except for indications for surgery;

⁵Liver wedge resection is defined as obtaining a liver specimen with a maximum diameter of less than 5 cm. n.d.: Not determined; BMI: Body mass index.