Circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 as prognostic biomarker in liver cirrhosis

Table 2 Factors associated with mortality or liver transplantations among patients with stable cirrhosis n (%)

	Survivors (n = 111)	Death/liver transplantation (n = 27)	P value
Age (yr), mean ± SD	54.33 ± 12.11	50.67 ± 13.91	0.173
Male gender	79 (71.2)	18 (66.7)	0.646
Etiology of cirrhosis
Alcohol	34 (30.6)	8 (29.6)	0.919
Hepatitis C	42 (37.8)	8 (29.6)	0.426
Hepatitis B	4 (3.6)	2 (7.4)	0.334
Cryptogenic	10 (9.0)	4 (14.8)	0.475
Other	21 (18.9)	5 (18.5)	0.962
Previous hospitalization	73 (65.8)	24 (88.9)	0.018
Active alcoholism	3 (2.7)	2 (7.4)	0.252
Propranolol	67 (60.4)	20 (74.1)	0.185
PPI	54 (48.6)	15 (55.6)	0.520
Complication at evaluation
Ascites	19 (17.1)	9 (33.3)	0.060
Hepatic encephalopathy	8 (7.2)	6 (22.2)	0.032
Previous ascites	47 (42.3)	19 (70.4)	0.009
Laboratory data
Leucocyte count (× 109), median	4.93	4.83	0.548
Sodium (meq/L), median	138.00	136.00	0.022
Creatinine (mg/dL), median	0.9	0.8	0.480
INR, median	1.16	1.27	< 0.001
Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD	3.52 ± 0.44	3.11 ± 0.39	< 0.001
CRP (mg/L), median	3.5	4.51	0.014
Total bilirubin (mg/dL), median	0.9	1.8	< 0.001
IGFBP-3 (mcg/mL), median	1.74	1.44	0.027
Child-Pugh B/C	27 (24.3)	19 (70.4)	< 0.001
MELD score, mean ± SD	9.32 ± 1.97	11.98 ± 2.24	< 0.001

PPI: Proton-pump inhibitors; INR: International normalized ratio; CRP: C-reactive protein; IGFBP-3: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.