Usefulness of staging systems and prognostic scores for hepatocellular carcinoma treatments

Table 1 Hepatocellular carcinoma scores and staging systems published in the recent years

Scores and classifications	Liver function	AFP	PS	Tumor spread
Okuda 1985	Ascites, albumin, bilirubin	No	No	Hepatic spread 50% < vs > 50%
CLIP 1998	Child-Pugh score	< 400 ng/mL vs≥ 400 ng/mL	No	Nodule(s), hepatic spread 50% ≤vs > 50%
				Portal vein thrombosis
GRETCH 1999	Bilirubine, phosphatases alcalines	< 35 ng/mL vs≥ 35 ng/mL	Yes	Portal vein thrombosis
BCLC 1999	Child-Pugh score	No	Yes	Nodule(s), size
				Portal vein thrombosis
c-JIS 2003	Child-Pugh score	No	No	TNM LCSGJ
bm-JIS 2008	Child-Pugh score	Yes (+ AFP-L3 + DCP)	No	TNM LCSGJ
TIS 2010	Child-Pugh score	< 400 g/mL ≥ 400 ng/mL	No	Total tumor volume
HKLC 2014	Child-Pugh score	No	Yes	Nodule(s), size
				Portal vein thrombosis

BCLC: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer; CLIP: Cancer of the Liver Italian Program; JIS: Japan Integrated Staging; HKLC: Hong Kong Liver Cancer; TIS: Taipei Integrated Scoring System; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; PS: Performance Status; bm-JIS: Biomarker combined JIS; DCP: Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin; LCSGJ: Liver Cancer Study Group of Japan; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.