Metabolomics studies identify novel diagnostic and prognostic indicators in patients with alcoholic hepatitis

Table 5 Correlations between biomarkers and model for end-stage liver disease and Maddrey’s score in patients with alcoholic hepatitis

Biomarker	Alcoholic hepatitis
	MELD		Maddrey’s score
	rho (95%CI)	P-value	rho (95%CI)	P-value
Choline	0.28 (-0.13, 0.69)	0.18	0.02 (-0.53, 0.57)	0.95
TMAO	-0.25 (-0.67, 0.17)	0.23	0.29 (-0.24, 0.82)	0.26
Carnitine	0.54 (0.18, 0.91)	0.005b	0.48 (-0.01, 0.96)	0.054
Betaine	0.24 (-0.18, 0.65)	0.26	-0.00 (-0.55, 0.55)	0.99
Butyrobetaine	0.30 (-0.11, 0.71)	0.15	0.29 (-0.24, 0.81)	0.26
Crotonobetaine	0.07 (-0.36, 0.50)	0.74	-0.03 (-0.58, 0.52)	0.91
Creatinine	0.44 (0.05, 0.83)	0.027a	0.48 (-0.00, 0.96)	0.052
Ornithine	0.28 (-0.13, 0.70)	0.17	0.26 (-0.27, 0.79)	0.32
Lysine	0.37 (-0.03, 0.77)	0.068	0.27 (-0.25, 0.80)	0.29
Methyl-lysine	0.09 (-0.34, 0.52)	0.67	-0.01 (-0.56, 0.54)	0.96
Argine	0.00 (-0.43, 0.44)	0.98	0.42 (-0.08, 0.92)	0.095
Citrulline	0.09 (-0.34, 0.52)	0.66	0.05 (-0.50, 0.60)	0.86
MMA	0.34 (-0.07, 0.74)	0.098	0.39 (-0.11, 0.90)	0.12
Homocitrulline	0.66 (0.34, 0.99)	< 0.001b	0.59 (0.14, 1.00)	0.014a
Leucine	0.03 (-0.40, 0.46)	0.89	0.50 (0.02, 0.97)	0.043
Iso-leucine	0.11 (-0.32, 0.54)	0.59	0.29 (-0.24, 0.82)	0.26
Valine	0.20 (-0.22, 0.62)	0.34	0.54 (0.08, 1.00)	0.025a
Phenylalanine	0.34 (-0.06, 0.75)	0.092	0.56 (0.11, 1.00)	0.018a
Tyrosine	0.30 (-0.11, 0.71)	0.14	0.44 (-0.05, 0.94)	0.074
Acetyl-carnitine	0.49 (0.11, 0.86)	0.014a	0.50 (0.03, 0.98)	0.04a
Propionyl-carnitine	0.40 (0.01, 0.80)	0.046a	0.28 (-0.25, 0.81)	0.28
Butyryl-carnitine	0.48 (0.10, 0.86)	0.016a	0.25 (-0.29, 0.78)	0.34
Trimethyl-lysine	0.48 (0.11, 0.86)	0.014a	0.38 (-0.13, 0.89)	0.14
SDMA	0.38 (-0.02, 0.78)	0.064	0.55 (0.09, 1.00)	0.023a
Dimethyl-lysine	0.31 (-0.10, 0.72)	0.13	0.18 (-0.37, 0.72)	0.5
ADMA	0.42 (0.03, 0.81)	0.037a	0.60 (0.16, 1.00)	0.011a
Pentanoyl-carnitine	0.53 (0.16, 0.90)	0.007b	0.31 (-0.22, 0.83)	0.23
Hexanoyl-carnitine	0.49 (0.12, 0.87)	0.013a	0.40 (-0.11, 0.90)	0.11
Octenoyl-carnitine	0.45 (0.07, 0.84)	0.024a	0.23 (-0.30, 0.77)	0.37

Values presented as mean (95%CI) and P-values obtained from analysis of covariance. The natural logarithm of each biomarker was modeled as the outcome variable with disease group and MELD as the independent variables. A superscript of a indicates

^aP < 0.05,

^bP < 0.01. rho: Spearman’s correlation; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; ADMA: Asymmetric dimethylarginine; SDMA: Symmetric dimethylarginine; MMA: Monomethylarginine; TMAO: Trimethylamine N-oxide.