Autoantibodies in chronic hepatitis C: A clinical perspective

Table 2 The influence of non-organ specific autoantibodies in interferon based treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis C

Ref.	Country	n	Treatment	NOSA evaluated in the study	Titers of NOSA increasedduring treatment	Development of NOSAduring treatment	Autoimmune diseasetriggered during treatment	Influence on SVR2
Lopes et al[74]	Brazil	21	IFN-α	ANA, SMA, AMA, etc.	↑	ANA	N	N
Cassani et al[21]	Italy	144	IFN-α	ANA, SMA	N/A	N/A	N/A	N
Muratori et al[69]	Italy	221	IFN-α	ANA, SMA, LKM1	N/A	ANA, SMA	2 ALT flare 7-10 xULN	Y
Wasmuth et al[66]	Germany	48	IFN-α + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA, ANCA	N/A	N/A	N/A	Y
Yee et al[47]	Europe multicenter	258	IFN-α	ANA	N/A	N/A	N/A	N
Stroffolini et al[19]	Italy	502	IFN-α + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA	N/A	N/A	N	N
Muratori et al[65]	Italy	143	IFN-α + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1	↑	Y	N	N
Gatselis et al[68]	Greece	57	IFN-α + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA, ANCA, etc.	↑	ANA, LKM1, ANCA	N	Y
Gatselis et al[23]	Greece	102	IFN-α/PEG + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA, ANCA, etc.	↑	Y	N	Y
Daryani et al[67]	Iran	52	IFN-α + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA	N/A	N/A	N/A	N
Narciso-Schiavon et al[46]	Brazil	234	IFN-α + RBV	ANA	N/A	N/A	N	N
Bai et al[76]	China	46	IFN-α	ANA, LKM1	N/A	N/A	N	N
Hsieh et al[45]	Taiwan	243	PEG + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA, ANCA	N/A	N/A	ALT flare	Y
Mauss et al[77]	Germany	12369	PEG + RBV	ANA, SMA, LKM1, AMA	N/A	N/A	N	N
Khairy et al[78]	Egypt	3673	PEG + RBV	ANA	N/A	N/A	N	N

¹Children;

²Higher sustained virological response rates in NOSA negative group. NOSA: Non-organ specific autoantibodies; IFN-α: Interferon alpha; SVR: Sustained virological response; ANA: Antinuclear antibody; SMA: Smooth muscle antibody; xULN: Times the upper limit of normality; RBV: Ribavirin; AMA: Anti-mitochondrial antibodies; LKM1: Liver kidney microsomal type 1 antibody; ANCA: Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; PEG: Pegylated interferon alpha; ↑: Increase; N: No; Y: Yes; N/A: Not available; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase.