Liver cirrhosis in hepatic vena cava syndrome (or membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava)

Figure 4 Ultrasonography showing collaterals. A: Ultrasonography of a patient with liver cirrhosis due to complete inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction at cavo-atrial junction showing obstruction of middle hepatic vein (MHV) and a intra-hepatic collateral (c); B: Ultrasonography of a young girl with liver cirrhosis: IVC is filled with old organized thrombi of different ages, right hepatic vein (RHV) is thrombosed and a large intra-hepatic collateral is seen; C: Ultrasonography showing dilated collaterals on the surface of liver (LIV) close to right kidney (R. KID) in a patient with liver cirrhosis. PV: Portal vein.