Liver cirrhosis in hepatic vena cava syndrome (or membranous obstruction of inferior vena cava)

Figure 1 Inferior vena cava obstruction. A: Ultrasonography showing stenosis of inferior vena cava (IVC) at cavo-atrial junction. Note patent orifices hepatic vein (HV)-right HV (RHV), middle HV (MHV) and left HV (LHV); B: Color Doppler ultrasonography of a patient with liver cirrhosis showing IVC stenosis, membranes in HV; C: Ultrasonography of a patient with liver cirrhosis showing complete obstruction of IVC at cavo-atrial junction and obstruction at orifices of MHV and LHV. Note dilated hepatic veins; D: Cavogram showing complete obstruction of the IVC. PV: Portal vein; RA: Right atrium.