Arrhythmia risk in liver cirrhosis

Table 1 Factors associated with QT prolongation in liver cirrhosis

Factor	Example
Autonomic neuropathy	Plasma norepinephrine, diurnal variations
Liver dysfunction	Child-Pugh class, portal hypertension, pediatric end-stage liver disease score
Serum markers	Electrolytes, serum uric acid, serum bile salts, creatinine, plasma renin activity, aldosterone, atrial natriuretic factor, gonadal hormones, norepinephrine
Volume overload	Left ventricular end diastolic dimensions
Coronary heart disease	Risk factors: older age, male gender, smoking, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus
Left ventricular hypertrophy	-
Stressful events	Acute gastrointestinal bleeding
Drugs: excessive accumulation, impaired metabolization, distribution, or excretion	Erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, telipressin, sevoflurane