Copyright
©The Author(s) 2015.
World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2015; 7(3): 488-497
Published online Mar 27, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.488
Published online Mar 27, 2015. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.488
Table 1 Published cases of healthcare worker-to-patient transmission of hepatitis B virus
| Ref. | Year | Location | Type of provider | HBeAg status | Viral load | HBV status known to provider | HBV status known to institution | No. of patients infected | Breach in infection control identified |
| [7] | 1969 | United States | Nurse | Not done | Not done | No | No | 11a (11 possible) | None |
| [8] | 1969-1974 | United States | Oral surgeon | Positive | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 55 (10 probable, 45 possible) | HCW did not wear gloves |
| [9] | 1973-1977 | Switzerland | General practitioner | Positive | Not done | Yes | Not specified | 41 (41 possible) | None |
| [10] | 1974 | United States | Respiratory therapist | Positive | Not done | No | No | 4 (4 probable) | HCW did not wear gloves, had an exudative dermatitis on hands, and reused syringes when accessing indwelling arterial catheters |
| [11] | 1975 | United States | Oral surgeon | Not done | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 43 (43 probable) | None |
| [12] | 1976-1979 | United Kingdom | Surgical registrar | Positive | Not done | No | No | 9 (7 probable, 2 possible) | None |
| [13] | 1977-1978 | United Kingdom | Surgical registrar, gynecologic surgery | Positive | Not done | No | No | 8 (6 probable, 2 possible) | None |
| [14] | 1978 | United States | Dentist | Positive | Not done | Yes | Not specified | 6 (2 probable, 4 possible) | HCW did not wear gloves |
| [15] | 1978 | Norway | Cardiac surgeon | Positive | Not done | No | No | 5 (5 probable) | None |
| [16] | 1978-1979 | United States | Oral surgeon | Positive | Not done | No | No | 12 (4 probable, 8 possible) | HCW did not wear gloves and had a generalized eczematous dermatitis, including hand involvement |
| [17] | 1979-1980 | United States | Obstetrician-gynecologist | Positive | Not done | Yes | Yes | 4 (1 probable, 3 possible) | HCW held needle in hand rather than a needle holder when suturing, noted several episodes of blood on hands after removing gloves |
| [18] | 1979-1981 | The Netherlands | Cardiac surgeon | Not reported | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 3 (3 probable) | None |
| [18] | 1979-1981 | The Netherlands | Perfusion technician | Positive | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 11 (8 probable, 3 possible) | Bleeding warts on HCW’s hands |
| [19] | 1980 | United States | Oral surgeon | Not done | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 3 (3 probable) | None |
| [20] | 1980-1983 | United Kingdom | Perfusion technician | Positive | Not done | Yes | Not specified | 6 (6 probable) | HCW did not wear gloves, and had cuts and abrasions on hands |
| [20] | 1980-1983 | United Kingdom | Surgical registrar | Not reported | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 5 (5 possible) | None |
| [20] | 1980-1983 | United Kingdom | House officer | Not reported | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 1 (1 possible) | None |
| [21] | 1984 | United States | Obstetrician-gynecologist | Positive | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 6 (6 probable) | None |
| [22] | 1984-1985 | United States | Dentist | Positive | Not done | No | No | 24 (6 probable, 18 possible) | HCW did not wear gloves |
| [23] | 1987 | United States | General surgeon | Positive | Not done | Yes | Not specified | 5 (3 probable, 2 possible) | None |
| [24] | 1987 | United Kingdom | Obstetrician-gynecologist | Positive | Not done | No | No | 22 (6 probable, 16 possible) | None |
| [25] | 1988 | United Kingdom | General surgeon | Negative | 1 × 107 copies/mL | No | No | 1 (1 confirmed) | None |
| [25] | 1988 | United Kingdom | Obstetrician-gynecologist, trainee | Negative | 4.4 × 106 copies/mL | No | No | 3 (3 confirmed) | None |
| [25] | 1988 | United Kingdom | Obstetrician-gynecologist, trainee | Negative | 5.5 × 106 copies/mL | Yes | Not specified | 1 (1 confirmed) | None |
| [25] | 1988 | United Kingdom | General surgeon, urologist, clinical assistant | Negative | 2.5 × 105 copies/mL | No | No | 1 (1 confirmed) | None |
| [26] | 1988 | United Kingdom | Cardiothoracic surgeon, trainee | Positive | Not done | No | No | 17 (9 probable, 8 possible) | None |
| [27] | 1991 | United Kingdom | Surgeon | Positive | Not done | No | No | 3 (3 possible) | None |
| [28] | 1991 | Canada | Orthopedic surgeon | Positive | Not done | Yes | Yes | 2 (1 probable, 1 possible) | None |
| [29] | 1991-1992 | United States | Thoracic surgeon | Positive | 1 × 109 copies/mL | Yes | Not specified | 19 (9 confirmed, 4 probable, 6 possible) | None |
| [30] | 1991-1993 | United Kingdom | Cardiothoracic surgeon | Positive | Not done | Yes | No | 20 (14 confirmed, 6 probable) | None |
| [31] | 1991-1996 | Canada | Electroencephalogram technician | Positive | Not done | No | No | 75 (4 confirmed, 71 possible) | HCW did not wear gloves and used reusable subdermal EEG electrodes |
| [32] | 1993 | United Kingdom | General surgeon | Positive | Not done | No | No | 2 (2 confirmed) | None |
| [33] | 1993-1994 | United Kingdom | General surgeon, trainee | Positive | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 11 (1 confirmed, 10 possible) | None |
| [33] | 1994 | United Kingdom | General surgeon, trainee | Positive | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 2 (2 possible) | None |
| [33] | 1994 | United Kingdom | Urologist, trainee | Positive | Not done | Not specified | Not specified | 1 (1 possible) | None |
| [34] | 1995-1999 | The Netherlands | General surgeon | Positive | 5 × 109 GE/mL | No | No | 28 (8 confirmed, 20 possible) | HCW noted glove perforations |
| [35] | 1996 | United Kingdom | Orthopedic surgeon | Negative but anti-HB e positive (pre-core mutant) | Not done | Yes | Yes | 1 (1 confirmed) | None |
| [36] | 1999 | United Kingdom | Cardiothoracic surgeon | Negative but anti-HB e positive (pre-core mutant) | 1.03 × 106 GE/mL | Yes | Yes | 2 (2 confirmed) | None |
| [37] | 2001 | United Kingdom | General surgeon | Negative | > 106 copies/mL | No | No | 3 (3 confirmed) | None |
| [38] | 2009 | United States | Orthopedic surgeon | Positive | > 17.9 million IU/mL | No | No | 8 (2 confirmed, 6 possible) | None |
| [39] | 2010 | Japan | Obstetrician-gynecologist | Positive | 1.6 × 109 copies/mL | No | No | 1 (1 confirmed) | None |
- Citation: Lewis JD, Enfield KB, Sifri CD. Hepatitis B in healthcare workers: Transmission events and guidance for management. World J Hepatol 2015; 7(3): 488-497
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v7/i3/488.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v7.i3.488