Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: The clinical challenge of a leaky gut and a cirrhotic liver

Table 3 Randomised controlled trials concerning antibiotic prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Ref.	No. of patients	Study arms	Kind of prophylaxis	Occurence of SBP	P
Ginés et al[93]	80	Norfloxacin vs placebo	Secondary	12% vs 35%	0.014
Soriano et al[122]	63	Norfloxacin vs control	Primary/secondary	0% vs 23%	< 0.05
Singh et al[123]	60	Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole vs control	Primary/secondary	3% vs 27%	0.025
Grangé et al[124]	107	Norfloxacin vs placebo	Primary	0% vs 9%	NS
Rolachon et al[125]	60	Ciprofloxacin vs placebo	Primary/secondary	4% vs 22%	< 0.05
Novella et al[126]	109	Norfloxacin permanently vs only during hospitalisation	Primary	2% vs 17%	< 0.01
Fernández et al[92]	68	Norfloxacin vs placebo	Primary	7% vs 61%	< 0.001
Terg et al[127]	100	Ciprofloxacin vs placebo	Primary	4% vs 14%	0.076

NS: Not significant; SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.