Challenges of liver cancer: Future emerging tools in imaging and urinary biomarkers

Figure 1 Transient elastography. A specialist nurse places the probe perpendicular to the surface of the liver. A low frequency shear wave is generated along the same axis as the ultrasound transducer. The velocity of the shear wave through the liver is measured by a high frequency ultrasound signal and the output displayed as stiffness, in kPa, alongside a two-dimensional “elastogram”. The output is the median of 10 measurements, with a success rate of > 66% and an interquartile range of measurements < 1/3 of the median considered satisfactory.