Histopathological differences utilizing the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score criteria in diabetic (type 2 diabetes mellitus) and non-diabetic patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Table 1 Characteristics of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, divided according to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease without type 2 diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with type 2 diabetes mellitus (mean ± SD)

Parameter	All patients (n = 235)	NAFLD (without T2DM) (n = 158)	NAFLD (with T2DM) (n = 77)	P value
Age (yr)	45.3 ± 11.9	43.0 ± 12.2	49.9 ± 9.8	< 0.01
Gender (male/female)	91/144	69/89	22/55	0.02
Race (% Caucasian)	65.1	63.9	67.5	0.9
BMI (kg/m2)	37.6 ± 11.5	35.9 ± 10.6	41.0 ± 12.6	< 0.01
Hypertension, n (%)	114 (48.1)	59 (37.3)	55 (71.4)	< 0.01
Dyslipidemia, n (%)	139 (68.8)	82 (61.2)	57 (83.8)	< 0.01
Metabolic syndrome, n (%)	115 (53.7)	52 (36.4)	63 (88.7)	< 0.01
Abnormal LFT’s as an indication of liver biopsy, n (%)	159 (67.6)	117 (74.0)	42 (54.5)	0.02
Platelets	257.5 ± 73.5	262.6 ± 67.7	247.4 ± 83.3	0.15
INR	0.99 ± 0.16	0.97 ± 0.10	1.02 ± 0.23	0.03
Protein (g/dL)	7.4 ± 0.72	7.4 ± 0.73	7.3 ± 0.70	0.12
Albumin (g/dL)	4.3 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.5	4.2 ± 0.46	0.06
AST (U/L)	49.8 ± 34.5	50.4 ± 38.4	48.3 ± 24.8	0.6
ALT (U/L)	72.6 ± 58.5	79.2 ± 65.4	59.2 ± 38	0.01
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.67 ± 0.4	0.68 ± 0.4	0.62 ± 0.3	0.3
Alkaline Phosphate	96.7 ± 61.8	94.9 ± 68.2	100.1 ± 46.9	0.5
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	200.2 ± 47.3	200.9 ± 45.4	198.8 ± 50.9	0.8
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	44.3 ± 11.8	44.2 ± 12.0	44.6 ± 11.7	0.9
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	211.4 ± 119.9	209.7 ± 127.7	214.4 ± 105.9	0.8
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	118.9 ± 41.0	120.5 ± 41.3	116.4 ± 40.8	0.6
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	125.6 ± 55.5	102.9 ± 28.3	167.0 ± 67.8	< 0.01
HbA1c	6.93 ± 2.09	5.83 ± 1.11	8.09 ± 2.26	< 0.01
Iron (μg/dL)	82.6 ± 38.7	89.3 ± 40.8	71.3 ± 32.0	< 0.01
Total iron binding capacity (μg/dL)	322.4 ± 72.3	317.16 ± 71.8	333.0 ± 72.9	0.2
Ferritin (ng/mL)	258.2 ± 306.0	281 ± 323.1	223.0 ± 276.7	0.3
AST/ALT	0.836 ± 0.432	0.781 ± 0.434	0.947 ± 0.41	< 0.01
FIB-4 index	1.26 ± 1.01	1.06 ± 0.77	1.65 ± 1.28	< 0.01
APRI	0.581 ± 0.471	0.549 ± 0.458	0.643 ± 0.493	0.16

NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; AST: Aspartate transaminase; ALT: Alanine transaminase; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; NAS: NAFLD activity score; HDL: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI: Body mass index; INR: International normalized ratio; APRI: AST to platelet ratio index; LFT: Liver function test.