Renal failure in cirrhosis: Emerging concepts

Table 5 Updated diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome type of acute kidney injury according to the International Club of Ascites

Presence of cirrhosis with ascites

Diagnosis of AKI according to ICA-AKI criteria

No improvement of SCr after at least 2 d of diuretic withdrawal and volume expansion with albumin (1 g/kg of body weight per day up to a maximum of 100 g/d)

Absence of shock

No current or recent treatment with nephrotoxic drugs

No macroscopic signs of structural kidney injury: normal findings on renal ultrasonography, absence of proteinuria > 500 mg/d and absence of microhematuria

Adapted from Angeli et al[14]. SCr: Serum creatinine; AKI: Acute kidney injury; ICA-AKI: International Club for Ascites-AKI.