Psychiatric and substance use disorders co-morbidities and hepatitis C: Diagnostic and treatment implications

Table 2 Hepatitis C and psychiatric comorbidities

Ref.	n	Design	Assessments	Outcome
Lehman et al[20]	120	Subjective assessment	BDI-II, ASI, PCL, AUDIT, medical records	Clinically significant levels of depression anxiety, PTSD and alcohol-related problems were observed in patients with HCV
Fireman et al[19]	293	Prospective assessment	AUDIT-C, BDI-II	Psychiatric and substance use disorders are highly prevalent among veterans with chronic HCV
Rowan et al[21]	62	Subjective assessment	HRQOL SF-36	Psychosocial factors, especially depression, are strong indicators of impaired HRQOL for HCV-infected Veterans
Bini et al[41]	4084	Prospective cohort study	Eligibility for IFN therapy based on medical chart review of psychiatric and SUDs	The majority of veterans were not considered suitable candidates for HCV treatment because of substance use disorders, psychiatric disease, and comorbid medical disease
Mikocka-Walus et al[10]	139	Cross-sectional assessment	HADS, SCL-90, HRQOL SF-12, disease severity assessments	Patients with HCV had significantly higher prevalence of depression and lower HRQOL than patients with IBD and IBS, and the general population
Nelligan et al[22]	881	Subjective assessment	BDI-II; medical records	Rates of depression are high among veterans with HCV and persist among those with antidepressant prescriptions
Weinstein et al[11]	878	Retrospective chart review	Clinical and demographic data, medical history	Individuals with HCV have a higher prevalence of depression than HBV and NAFLD patients and the general population

BDI-II: Beck depression inventory, second edition; ASI: Anxiety severity index; PCL: Post traumatic stress disorder check-list; AUDIT: Alcohol use disorders identification test; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HRQOL SF-36: Health related quality of life short form-36 items; IFN: Interferon; IBD: Irritable bowel disease; IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; SCL-90: Symptom checklist 90; HADS: Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Scale; PTSD: Post-traumatic stress disorder.