Intravenous immunoglobulins in liver transplant patients: Perspectives of clinical immune modulation

Table 5 Clinical data of immune modulation by intravenous immunoglobulins in ABO-incompatible liver transplant recipients

Ref.	Transplant	No. of patients receiving	Additional immune modulation	Efficacy of IVIg on immunology/survival
	procedure	IVIg (pre-LT/post-LT)
Morioka et al[167]	LDLT	n = 2; post-LDLT; treatment of AMR	Plasmapheresis	Normalization of liver function; survived
Urbani et al[170]	LT	n = 1; post-LT; treatment of AMR	Plasmapheresis	Normalization of liver function; survived
Ikegami et al[168]	LDLT	n = 1; post-LDLT; treatment of AMR	Rituximab, plasma exchange, splenectomy	Normalization of liver function; survived
Testa et al[169]	LDLT	n = 5; pre-LDLT	Plasmapheresis, splenectomy	Patient and graft survival 80% at mean of 43 mo post-LDLT
Urbani et al[172]	LT	n = 8; pre- and post-LT	Plasma exchange	Patient and graft survival 87.5% at 18 mo; no case of acute or chronic rejection, no ITBL
Ikegami et al[161]	LDLT	n = 4; post-LDLT	Rituximab, plasma exchange, splenectomy	Survival rate 100% (28, 8, 6, 5 mo post-LDLT)
Takeda et al[173]	LDLT	n = 3; post-LDLT; treatment of AMR	Plasma exchange	Normalization liver function; survived
Mendes et al[174]	LT	n = 10; pre- and post-LT	Rituximab, plasmapheresis	Survival rate 50%; death mainly related to MOF and sepsis
Kim et al[175]	LDLT	n = 14; post-LDLT	Rituximab, plasma exchange	Survival 100%; no case of acute or chronic rejection
Lee et al[176]	LDLT	n = 15; post-LT	Rituximab, plasma exchange	Survival 100%; no case of bacterial or fungal infection; 3 cases of biliary strictures
Shen et al[177]	LT	n = 35; pre- and post-LT	Rituximab	Survival rate 83.1% at 3-yr; one case of acute celluar rejection; two cases of AMR

IVIg: Intravenous immunoglobulins; LT: Liver transplantation (full size deceased); AMR: Antibody-mediated rejection; LDLT: Living donor liver transplantation; MOF: Multi organ failure; ITBL: Ischemic-type biliary lesions.