Vitamin D deficiency in chronic liver disease

Table 1 Studies regarding vitamin D and hepatitis C virus

Ref.	Year	Design	n	HCV genotype	Vitamin D deficiency	Outcome	P
Petta et al[50]	2010	Cohorts	197	1	73%	Vitamin D levels (ng/mL): SVR: 26.6 No SVR: 23.7	0.05
Bitetto et al[121]	2011	Cohorts	42	1 and no 1	Not stated	SVR according to the vitamin D levels (ng/mL): ≤ 10 ng/mL: 10% > 10 and ≤ 20 ng/mL: 30% > 20 ng/mL: 50%	< 0.05
Bitetto et al[136]	2011	Cohorts	211	1-5	46.4%	SVR according to the vitamin D levels (ng/mL): ≤ 10 ng/mL: 50% > 10 and ≤ 20 ng/mL: 60.9% > 20 ng/mL: 69%	0.038
Lange et al[115]	2011	Cohorts	468	1-3	66%	SVR (genotype 2/3): Vitamin D deficit (< 10 ng/mL): 50% Without deficiency: 81%	< 0.0001
						SVR (genotype 1) Vitamin D deficit: 60% Without deficiency: 54%	0.45
Nseir et al[133]	2011	Cohorts	80	1	Not stated	Vitamin D levels (ng/mL): SVR: 42.1 No SVR: 27.3	< 0.001
Jazwinski et al[134]	2011	Cohorts	82	1	Not stated	Vitamin D levels (ng/mL): SVR: 23.3 No SVR: 19.3	0.82
Abu-Mouch et al[123]	2011	Randomized prospective	72	1	59% (with vitamin D supplementation) 60% (control group)	SVR: With vitamin D: 86% Control group: 42%	< 0.001
Nimer et al[122]	2012	Randomized prospective	50	2-3	60% (with vitamin D) 50% (control group)	SVR: With vitamin D: 95% Control group: 77%	< 0.001
Lange et al[116]	2012	Cohorts	269	1-4	74%	No significant association between SVR and 25(OH)D serum levels	0.13
Kitson et al[137]	2013	Cohorts	274	1	48%	Vitamin D levels (ng/mL): SVR: 76.6 No SVR: 84.7	0.03
Esmat et al[140]	2014	Randomized prospective	101	4	95%	SVR: With vitamin D: 44% Control group: 68.6%	0.22
Yokoyama et al[142]	2014	Randomized prospective	84	1b	Not stated	SVR: With vitamin D: 64.3% Control group: 50%	0.19
Grammatikos et al[138]	2014	Cohorts	398	1	Not stated	Vitamin D levels (ng/mL) SVR: 15.8 No SVR: 17.6	0.09

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; SVR: Sustained viral response.