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©2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.
World J Hepatol. Nov 27, 2014; 6(11): 783-792
Published online Nov 27, 2014. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i11.783
Published online Nov 27, 2014. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v6.i11.783
Table 2 Relative differences in risk factors, clinical features, surveillance and management of hepatocellular carcinoma between West Africa and developed countries
Parameter | Developed countries | West African countries |
Predominant risk factor | Hepatitis C virus[2,63] | Hepatitis B virus[5] |
Predominant co-factor | Alcohol | Aflatoxin B1[64] |
Peak incidence | 8th decade[65] | 5th decade[57] |
Stage at presentation | High chance of early stage at diagnosis[38] | Often advanced stage at presentation[3] |
Surveillance | Routine; although compliance is about 12% in a study in the United States[66] | Not known and not routine |
Median survival | Overall survival of > 16 mo in a study from United States[67] | Most die at initial presentation |
Diagnosis | Radiological (multi-phasic dynamic CT or MRI) ± liver biopsy[68] | Tumour markers (occasionally, grey-scale ultrasound scan ± liver biopsy)[12,48] |
Treatment | Curative therapies and palliative care; according to guidelines | Mainly palliative; often suboptimal |
- Citation: Ladep NG, Lesi OA, Mark P, Lemoine M, Onyekwere C, Afihene M, Crossey MM, Taylor-Robinson SD. Problem of hepatocellular carcinoma in West Africa. World J Hepatol 2014; 6(11): 783-792
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v6/i11/783.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v6.i11.783