Comprehensive review of post-liver resection surgical complications and a new universal classification and grading system

Table 2 Grading system and representative management strategies for post-hepatectomy liver failure

Grades	Definition	Management strategies
Grade A	No change in the patient’s clinical management strategy required or manageable with medication	Diuretics, selective digestive decontamination, lactulose, glucagon-insulin therapy, stronger neo-minophagen C
Grade B	Manageable without invasive treatment	FFP transfusion, hyperbaric oxygen therapy
Grade C	Invasive treatment required	Plasma exchange, artificial liver support, surgery (including liver transplantation)

Artificial liver support is including high-flow hemodialysis with FFP transfusion. FFP: Fresh frozen plasma.