Comprehensive review of post-liver resection surgical complications and a new universal classification and grading system

Table 10 Grading system and representative management strategies for pneumonia and respiratory disorder

Grades	Definition	Managements
Grade A	Meet SIRS criteria with imaging findings in less than 50% of the lung field or PaO2/FiO2 < 300	Antibiotics and oxygen
		Sputum suction
Grade B	Meet SIRS criteria with imaging findings in 50% and more of the lung field or PaO2/FiO2 < 200	Antibiotics and oxygen, IPPV, NPPV, bronchoscopy for sputum suction
Grade C	Requiring ventilator support	Ventilator

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria is defined as two or more of the following clinical signs: bodily temperature > 38 °Cor < 36 °C, heart rate > 90/min, respiratory rate > 20 /min or PaCO₂ < 32 mmHg, WBC > 12000/μL or < 4000 /μL or immature cells > 10%. Pneumonia imaging is any of airspace opacity, lobar consolidation, or interstitial opacities. SIRS: Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; IPPV: Intermittent positive-pressure breathing; NPPV: Nasal positive-pressure ventilation.