Redox therapeutics in hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury

Figure 1 Ischemia initiates injury leading to reactive oxygen species formation from mitochondria and Kupffer cells. Restoration of blood flow introduces neutrophils and substrate that further amplify injury. Nitrite reduction in the setting of hypoxia and acidosis restores nitric oxide bioavailability and augments mitochondrial tolerance to ischemia if administered prior to injury. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; ICAM: Intercellular adhesion molecule; O₂^-: Superoxide anion; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide; HOCL: Hypochlorous acid.