Participation of peribiliary glands in biliary tract pathophysiologies

Figure 1 Expression of pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1 and hairy and enhancer of split 1. A: Pancreatic duodenal homeobox factor 1 (PDX1) was not detected in the lining epithelia of hilar bile ducts in normal or hepatolithiatic livers (HL), while it was strongly expressed in peribiliary glands in normal and hepatolithiatic livers. Immunostaining of PDX1 × 200; B: Hairy and enhancer of split 1 (HES1) was frequently expressed in the lining epithelia of hilar bile ducts in normal and hepatolithiatic livers, while its expression in peribiliary glands was infrequent in normal and hepatolithiatic livers. Mesenchymal cells were positive for HES1. Immunostaining of HES1 × 200.