Effect of dichloromethylene diphosphonate on liver regeneration following thioacetamide-induced necrosis in rats

Figure 2 Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate in protein levels, gene expression and messenger levels tumor necrosis factor-alpha. A: Effects of dichloromethylene diphosphonate (DMDP) pre-treatment on serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests on serum samples. Columns and vertical bars represent mean ± SD evaluated in four determinations from four rats. ^aP < 0.05 vs control group; ^cP < 0.05 vs the DMDP-treated group; B: Effects of DMDP in gene expression profile of TNF-α assayed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis; C: Illustrates the effect of DMDP pre-treatment on the levels of TNF-α messenger RNA (mRNA) in liver homogenates of rats intoxicated with a sublethal dose of thioacetamide (TA). Samples were obtained at 0, 24, 48 and 72 h. The results, expressed in arbitrary units, are the mean ± SD of four determinations from four rats. ^aP < 0.05 vs the respective control, ^cP < 0.05 vs differences due to DMDP.