Epidemiological profiles of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus infections in Malian women: Risk factors and relevance of disparities

Table 4 Comparison of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among young and older women

Variables	Anti-HIV
	Young women ( ≤50 yr)					Older women (> 50 yr)
	Negative	%	Positive	%	P value	Negative	%	Positive	%	P value
Locality
Municipality II (CSRef)/CHU-GT (hospital)	150	15.7	16	39		149	69.6	9	64.3
Other municipalities/CH-ME	803	84.3	25	61	0.020	65	30.4	5	35.7	0.680
Marital status
Single	71	7.5	5	12.2
Divorced	2	0.2	0	0		4	1.9	2	14
Married	877	92.2	35	85.4		101	47.4	6	43	0.027
Widowed	1	0.1	1	2.4	0.070	108	50.7	6	43	0.022
Knowledge of sexual routes
No	147	16.1	1	2.5		106	63.1	9	64.3
Yes	766	83.9	39	97.5	0.047	62	36.9	5	35.7	0.930
Condom use
No	751	79.2	20	51.3				N/I
Yes	197	20.8	19	48.7	< 0.01
Condom use to prevent HIV/ITS
No	100	50.8	3	15.8				N/I
Yes	97	49.2	16	84.2	0.008
Condom use for contraception
No	83	42.1	16	84.2				N/I
Yes	114	57.9	3	15.8	0.002
Travel of husband/partner
No	482	51.4	32	78.1				N/I
Yes	456	48.6	9	21.9	0.002
Knowledge of the infectious status (from questionary)
No	392	41.9	10	25		184	86.4	8	57.1
Yes	544	58.1	30	75	0.038	29	13.6	6	42.9	0.007
Dialysis
No	950	99.9	40	97.6		211	99.5	14	100
Yes	1	0.1	1	2.4	0.026	1	0.5	0	0	0.990
Tattooing/scarification/piercing
No	291	30.9	14	35.9		112	54.1	4	28.6
Yes	652	69.1	25	64.1	0.510	95	45.9	10	71.4	0.075
Transfusion
No	925	97.9	39	97.5		197	92.5	14	100
Yes	20	2.1	1	2.5	0.870	16	7.5	0	0	0.980
Hospitalization
No	816	86.1	37	90.2		141	66.5	10	71.4
Yes	132	13.9	4	9.8	0.450	71	33.5	4	28.6	0.710
Dental care
No	574	60.9	21	52.5		128	60.7	8	57.1
Yes	369	39.1	19	47.5	0.290	83	39.3	6	42.9	0.790
Excision
No	92	9.7	4	9.8				N/I
Yes	859	90.3	37	90.2	0.970
Residence area
Rural	25	2.7	1	2.4		61	28.5	5	38.5
Urban	919	97.3	40	97.6	0.930	153	71.5	8	61.5	0.450

N/I: Not implemented in old women (cultural context); CSRef: Reference health center; CHU-GT: Hospital university Gabriel TOURE; CH-ME: Mother-Child hospital; HIV: Human immunodeficiency virus.