Recent advances in liver preconditioning: Thyroid hormone, n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and iron

Figure 3 Redox signaling in iron (Fe)-induced liver preconditioning is elicited by the cellular labile Fe pool triggering nuclear factor-erythroid 2, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and nuclear factor-κB activation and iron-regulatory protein / iron-responsive element post-transcriptional up-regulation with antioxidant and acute-phase responses. BMP: Bone morphogenetic protein; Ft: Ferritin; H₂O₂: Hydrogen peroxide; HO^•: hydroxyl radical; IL-6: Interleukin-6; IRE: Iron-responsive element; IRP: Iron-regulatory protein; Nrf2: Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 related factor 2; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; STAT3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; O₂⁻: Superoxide radical; Tf: Transferring; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α.