Minireviews
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Hepatol. Mar 27, 2025; 17(3): 103854
Published online Mar 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i3.103854
Table 2 Probiotics regulate the gut microbiota and related disease factors
Probiotics
Phylum (Gram negative/positive)
Changes
Function
Bacillus subtilis + Enterococcus faecium[78]Firmicutes (G+)Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes↓IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α↓
Akkermansia, Ruminococcus_UCG-014, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_groupTLR4, NF-κB↓
Lachnoclostridium, Oscillibacter, Family_XIII_AD3011_group, Anaerovorax, Acetatifactor, Coriobacterium_UCG-002, Negativibacillus, Angelakisella, Ruminococcus, Harryflintia, Escherichia-ShigellaLPS↓
Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901[77]Firmicutes (G+)Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae UCG-006, Bacteroides, Enterorhabdus↓IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, LPS, Lactic acid↓
Blautia, Alistipes, Oscillibacter, Faecalibaculum, Ruminiclostridium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcaceae UCG-009↑IL-10↑
Lactobacillus plantarum NCU116[76]Firmicutes (G+)Allobaculum, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium↑LPS↓
Intestinal barrier intact
Bifidobacterium longum MG723, MG731[76]Actinobacteria (G+)F4/80, MCP-1, TGF-β, IL-1β, IL-18↓
BAs↑
Bifidobacterium lactis, Bifidobacterium.longum DD98[76]Actinobacteria (G+)IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α↓
Bifidobacterium longum R0175[76]Actinobacteria (G+)Alloprevotella spp.↑IL-1, TNF-α, Chemokines↓
Acetatifactor muris, Butyricimonas spp., Oscillibacter spp.↓
Bifidobacterium longum LC67[76]Actinobacteria (G+)Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Tyzzerella, Escherichia-Shigella, Nestiinimonas, Osillibacter, Ruminiclostridium↓
Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus↑
Bifidobacterium bifidum[76]Actinobacteria (G+)Tyzzerella, Escherichia-Shigella, Nestiinimonas, Osillibacter↓Propionate, butyrate↑
Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus↑
Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66[98]Actinobacteria (G+)Firmicutes↑IL-6, TNF-α, LPS↓
Proteobacteria, Clostridia↓IL-10↑
Clostridiaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Bifidobacteriaceae↑
Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013[75]Actinobacteria (G+)Lachnospirillaceae, Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus spp., Alloprevotella and Blautia↑LPS/NF-κB↓
Fusobacteria, VerrucomicrobiaTight binding protein, IR↑
Lactobacillus sakei MJM60958[79]Actinobacteria (G+)Salmonella gallinarum KCTC 2931, E. coli O1 KCTC 2441, Salmonella cholerae KCTC 2932, Pseudomonas aeruginosa KCCM 11802↓Acetic acid↑
Akkermansia mucophila[23]Verrucomicrobiota (G-)γδT17, NF-κB, LPS↓
Fat oxidation, Acetate, IL-10, Mucin (intestinal barrier integrity)↑
F. prausnitzii[84,86,87]Firmicutes (G-)Erysipelatoclostridium, Faecalibaculum, Blautia, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Duboria↑TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, TLR4↓
Tyzzerella↓Butyrate, intestinal barrier↑
Christensenella minuta[88]Firmicutes (G-)Acetate, butyrate↑
Bifidobacterium adolescentis[72]Actinobacteria (G+)Intestinal barrier↑
TLR4/NF-κB, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α↓
Bacteroides ovatus[92]Bacteroidetes (G-)Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, norank_f_Oscillospiraceae, ColidextribacterderSCFA, intestinal barrier↑
F/B, Ruminococcus_torques_group, Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiaeLPS, CD163, IL-1β, TNF-α↓