Do Child–Turcotte–Pugh and nutritional assessments predict survival in cirrhosis: A longitudinal study

Table 3 Sample characterization categorized by subjective global assessment, muscle-arm circumference and handgrip strength (n = 129), mean ± SD/n (%)

Descriptive variables	SGA		P value	MAC		P value	Handgrip strength		P value
	1	2		1	2		1	2
	124 (96.12)	5 (3.88)		93 (72.09)	36 (27.91)		53 (41.09)	76 (58.91)
Gender			0.699			0.599			0.016
Male	70 (56.45)	3 (60)		45 (48.39)	28 (77.78)		34 (64.15)	39 (51.32)
Female	54 (43.55)	2 (40)		48 (51.61)	8 (22.22)		19 (35.85)	37 (48.68)
Death			0.850			0.640			0.204
Yes	72 (58.06)	2 (40)		54 (58.06)	20 (55.56)		32 (60.38)	42 (55.26)
No	52 (41.94)	3 (60)		39 (41.94)	16 (44.44)		21 (39.62)	34 (44.74)
Transplanted			0.029			0.000			0.642
No	106 (85.48)	5 (100)		82 (88.17)	29 (80.56)		46 (86.79)	65 (85.53)
Yes	18 (14.52)	0 (0)		11 (11.83)	7 (19.44)		7 (13.21)	11 (14.47)
Cirrhosis etiology			0.002			0.539			0.346
Alcohol	30 (24.19)	1 (20)		21 (22.58)	10 (27.78)		12 (22.64)	19 (25)
Autoimmune	4 (3.23)	1 (20)		5 (5.38)	0 (0)		2 (3.77)	3 (3.95)
Cryptogenic-NASH	4 (3.23)	1 (20)		5 (5.38)	0 (0)		5 (9.43)	0 (0)
Virus C + alcohol	12 (9.68)	2 (40)		11 (11.83)	3 (8.33)		5 (9.43)	9 (11.84)
Virus B + C + alcohol	12 (9.68)	0 (0)		7 (7.53)	5 (13.89)		6 (11.32)	6 (7.89)
Virus B + alcohol	1 (0.81)	0 (0)		0 (0)	1 (2.78)		0 (0)	1 (1.32)
Virus C	1 (0.81)	0 (0)		1 (1.08)	0 (0)		1 (1.89)	0 (0)
Virus B	56 (45.16)	0 (0)		41 (44.09)	15 (41.67)		22 (41.51)	34 (44.74)
Other	4 (3.23)	0 (0)		2 (2.15)	2 (5.56)		0 (0)	4 (5.26)
Ascites			0.009			0.000			0.295
Yes	73 (58.87)	1 (20)		51 (54.84)	23 (63.89)		33 (62.26)	41 (53.95)
No	50 (40.32)	4 (80)		41 (44.09)	13 (36.11)		19 (35.85)	35 (46.05)
Paracentesis			0.000			0.789			0.453
Yes	39 (31.45)	0 (0)		27 (29.03)	12 (33.33)		18 (33.96)	21 (27.63)
No	82 (66.13)	5 (100)		64 (68.82)	23 (63.89)		34 (64.15)	53 (69.74)
Esophageal varices			0.260			0.004			0.006
Yes	94 (75.81)	3 (60)		70 (75.27)	27 (75)		43 (81.13)	54 (71.05)
No	30 (24.19)	2 (40)		23 (24.73)	9 (25)		10 (18.87)	22 (28.95)
Varices bleeding			0.067			0.095			0.214
Yes	14 (11.29)	0 (0)		10 (10.75)	4 (11.11)		4 (7.55)	10 (13.16)
No	108 (87.1)	5 (100)		81 (87.1)	32 (88.89)		48 (90.57)	65 (85.53)
Encephalopathy			0.000			0.007			0.215
Yes	45 (36.29)	0 (0)		33 (35.48)	12 (33.33)		17 (32.08)	28 (36.84)
No	79 (63.71)	5 (100)		60 (64.52)	24 (66.67)		36 (67.92)	48 (63.16)
Encephalopathy level			0.001			0.256			0.555
0	79 (63.71)	5 (100)		60 (64.52)	24 (66.67)		36 (67.92)	48 (63.16)
1	18 (14.52)	0 (0)		13 (13.98)	5 (13.89)		6 (11.32)	12 (15.79)
2	18 (14.52)	0 (0)		13 (13.98)	5 (13.89)		8 (15.09)	10 (13.16)
3	8 (6.45)	0 (0)		6 (6.45)	2 (5.56)		3 (5.66)	5 (6.58)
4	1 (0.81)	0 (0)		1 (1.08)	0 (0)		0 (0)	1 (1.32)
Developed HCC			0.105			0.126			0
Yes	114 (91.94)	4 (80)		83 (89.25)	35 (97.22)		44 (83.02)	74 (97.37)
No	10 (8.06)	1 (20)		10 (10.75)	1 (2.78)		9 (16.98)	2 (2.63)
Continuous variables	SGA		P value	MAC		P value	Handgrip strength		P value
	1	2		1	2		1	2
	124 (96.12)	5 (3.88)		93 (72.09)	36 (27.91)		53 (41.09)	76 (58.91)
Age (yr)	56.924 ± 10.633	41.355 ± 16.836	0.262	56.966 ± 11.719	54.651 ± 9.903	0.360	55.802 ± 11.576	56.789 ± 11.119	0.735
Survival time (mo)	109.674 ± 73.255	141.327 ± 70.428	0.105	108.091 ± 74.661	118.159 ± 69.541	0.139	104.957 ± 72.813	116.397 ± 73.1	0.945
Survival time (yr)	9.014 ± 6.021	11.616 ± 5.789	0.105	8.884 ± 6.136	9.712 ± 5.716	0.139	8.627 ± 5.985	9.567 ± 6.008	0.945
Height (cm)	164.444 ± 9.069	164.3 ± 7.12	0.200	164.102 ± 9.222	165.306 ± 8.38	0.419	166.84 ± 8.149	162.947 ± 9.121	0.242
First assessment weight (kg)	74.963 ± 14.722	62.18 ± 6.82	0.106	73.43 ± 14.914	77.147 ± 13.947	0.950	78.138 ± 14.441	71.853 ± 14.499	0.412
Body mass index	27.706 ± 4.836	23.114 ± 2.845	0.250	27.212 ± 4.794	28.347 ± 4.965	0.823	27.921 ± 3.898	27.161 ± 5.399	0.076
Arm circumference (cm)	30.579 ± 4.286	26.8 ± 2.28	0.116	30.155 ± 4.439	30.966 ± 3.887	0.447	32.095 ± 3.427	29.123 ± 4.472	0.060
Hospital admissions	1.887 ± 2.483		0.027	1.634 ± 2.254	2.278 ± 2.914	0.054	1.792 ± 2.634	1.813 ± 2.364	0.351
Length of stay (d)	6.894 ± 9.123		0.019	6.843 ± 9.741	6.068 ± 7.011	0.411	6.396 ± 8.498	6.758 ± 9.515	0.925
MAC (cm/mm)	24.895 ± 3.232	22.202 ± 1.43	0.085	24.527 ± 3.377	25.472 ± 2.702	0.139	25.92 ± 3.176	24.011 ± 3.049	0.590
BIA-phase angle (°)	6.625 ± 3.007	6.49 ± 1.023	0.373	6.612 ± 2.802	6.641 ± 3.355	0.745	6.839 ± 2.923	6.471 ± 3.004	0.818
MELD	11.096 ± 4.607	8.41 ± 6.854	0.370	10.872 ± 4.954	11.294 ± 4.009	0.431	10.378 ± 4.136	11.353 ± 5.069	0.206

SGA: Subjective global assessment; MAC: Mid-arm muscle circumference; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma, BIA: Bioimpedance.