Do Child–Turcotte–Pugh and nutritional assessments predict survival in cirrhosis: A longitudinal study

Table 2 Sample characterization categorized by Triceps skinfold and Child–Turcotte–Pugh score (n = 129), mean ± SD/n (%)

Descriptive variables	Categorized by TSF			P value	Categorized by Child–Turcotte–Pugh				P value
	1	2	3		1	2		3
	24 (18.6)	53 (41.09)	52 (40.31)		85 (65.89)	33 (25.58)		11 (8.53)
Gender				0.005					0.404
Male	9 (37.5)	26 (49.06)	38 (73.08)		45 (52.94)	20 (60.61)		8 (72.73)
Female	15 (62.5)	27 (50.94)	14 (26.92)		40 (47.06)	13 (39.39)		3 (27.27)
Death				0.817					0.013
Yes	15 (62.5)	29 (54.72)	30 (57.69)		41 (48.24)	25 (75.76)		8 (72.73)
No	9 (37.5)	24 (45.28)	22 (42.31)		44 (51.76)	8 (24.24)		3 (27.27)
Transplanted				0.683					0.025
No	22 (91.67)	45 (84.91)	44 (84.62)		78 (91.76)	24 (72.73)		9 (81.82)
Yes	2 (8.33)	8 (15.09)	8 (15.38)		7 (8.24)	9 (27.27)		2 (18.18)
Cirrhosis etiology				0.981					0.178
Alcohol	4 (16.67)	13 (24.53)	14 (26.92)		25 (29.41)	4 (12.12)		2 (18.18)
Autoimmune	0 (0)	3 (5.66)	2 (3.85)		5 (5.88)	0 (0)		0 (0)
Cryptogenic-NASH	2 (8.33)	2 (3.77)	1 (1.92)		3 (3.53)	2 (6.06)		0 (0)
Virus C + alcohol	4 (16.67)	4 (7.55)	6 (11.54)		9 (10.59)	5 (15.15)		0 (0)
Virus B + C + alcohol	3 (12.5)	6 (11.32)	3 (5.77)		5 (5.88)	4 (12.12)		3 (27.27)
Virus B + alcohol	1 (4.17)	0 (0)	0 (0)		0 (0)	0 (0)		1 (9.09)
Virus C	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.92)		0 (0)	1 (3.03)		0 (0)
Virus B	10 (41.67)	23 (43.4)	23 (44.23)		36 (42.35)	15 (45.45)		5 (45.45)
Other	0 (0)	2 (3.77)	2 (3.85)		2 (2.35)	2 (6.06)		0 (0)
Ascites				0.519					0.001
Yes	12 (50)	34 (64.15)	28 (53.85)		40 (47.06)	25 (75.76)		9 (81.82)
No	12 (50)	19 (35.85)	23 (44.23)		45 (52.94)	7 (21.21)		2 (18.18)
Paracentesis				0.980					0.311
Yes	8 (33.33)	17 (32.08)	14 (26.92)		20 (23.53)	13 (39.39)		6 (54.55)
No	16 (66.67)	35 (66.04)	36 (69.23)		62 (72.94)	20 (60.61)		5 (45.45)
Esophageal varices				0.679					0.599
Yes	19 (79.17)	41 (77.36)	37 (71.15)		62 (72.94)	27 (81.82)		8 (72.73)
No	5 (20.83)	12 (22.64)	15 (28.85)		23 (27.06)	6 (18.18)		3 (27.27)
Varices bleeding				0.276					0.457
Yes	4 (16.67)	7 (13.21)	3 (5.77)		10 (11.76)	3 (9.09)		1 (9.09)
No	19 (79.17)	46 (86.79)	48 (92.31)		75 (88.24)	28 (84.85)		10 (90.91)
Encephalopathy				0.476					0.001
Yes	10 (41.67)	20 (37.74)	15 (28.85)		22 (25.88)	14 (42.42)		9 (81.82)
No	14 (58.33)	33 (62.26)	37 (71.15)		63 (74.12)	19 (57.58)		2 (18.18)
Encephalopathy level				0.299					0.001
0	14 (58.33)	33 (62.26)	37 (71.15)		63 (74.12)	19 (57.58)		2 (18.18)
1	4 (16.67)	6 (11.32)	8 (15.38)		11 (12.94)	4 (12.12)		3 (27.27)
2	2 (8.33)	11 (20.75)	5 (9.62)		6 (7.06)	8 (24.24)		4 (36.36)
3	4 (16.67)	3 (5.66)	1 (1.92)		4 (4.71)	2 (6.06)		2 (18.18)
4	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (1.92)		1 (1.18)	0 (0)		0 (0)
Developed HCC				0.079					0.576
Yes	21 (87.5)	52 (98.11)	45 (86.54)		77 (90.59)	30 (90.91)		11 (100)
No	3 (12.5)	1 (1.89)	7 (13.46)		8 (9.41)	3 (9.09)		0 (0)
Continuous variables	TSF			P value	Child-Turcotte-Pugh				P value
	1	2	3		1	2		3
	24 (18.6)	53 (41.09)	52 (40.31)		85 (65.89)	33 (25.58)		11 (8.53)
Age (yr)	57.671 ± 8.837	56.156 ± 12.206	55.865 ± 11.382	0.804	55.942 ± 11.825	58.424 ± 10.417		52.937 ± 8.385	0.328
Survival time (mo)	98.715 ± 78.11	116.068 ± 74.444	111.258 ± 70.185	0.631	128.237 ± 68.005	81.32 ± 70.682		65.676 ± 77.103	0.001
Survival time (yr)	8.114 ± 6.42	9.54 ± 6.119	9.144 ± 5.769	0.631	10.54 ± 5.589	6.684 ± 5.809		5.398 ± 6.337	0.001
Height (cm)	161.333 ± 8.731	163.83 ± 8.733	166.49 ± 9	0.053	164.082 ± 8.597	164.955 ± 9.518		165.636 ± 10.847	0.806
First assessment weight (kg)	74.3 ± 10.434	66.517 ± 10.935	82.648 ± 15.389	0.000	72.445 ± 12.54	78.991 ± 18.539		76.527 ± 15.337	0.083
Body mass index	28.574 ± 4.052	24.816 ± 3.76	29.811 ± 4.872	0.000	26.868 ± 4.17	29.131 ± 6.005		27.821 ± 5.228	0.073
Arm circumference (cm)	31.222 ± 3.001	27.674 ± 3.968	33 ± 3.269	0.000	30.556 ± 4.122	30.778 ± 4.3		28.3 ± 5.078	0.262
Hospital admissions (n)	1.542 ± 2.167	1.811 ± 2.426	1.942 ± 2.653	0.807	1.576 ± 2.291	2.394 ± 3.02		1.909 ± 1.64	0.269
Length of stay (d)	9.94 ± 11.803	5.985 ± 8.494	5.751 ± 7.901	0.137	6.588 ± 9.23	6.692 ± 8.481		6.727 ± 10.031	0.998
MAC (cm/mm)	25.032 ± 2.515	23.975 ± 3.596	25.511 ± 2.957	0.045	24.779 ± 3.319	24.853 ± 2.903		24.696 ± 3.64	0.989
BIA-phase angle (°)	6.82 ± 3.912	6.348 ± 2.777	6.805 ± 2.645	0.686	6.903 ± 3.249	6.275 ± 2.42		5.474 ± 1.323	0.238
MELD	12.444 ± 5.217	10.704 ± 5.125	10.62 ± 3.899	0.350	8.647 ± 3.513	13.683 ± 3.028		17.208 ± 5.302	0.000

TSF: Triceps skinfold; MAC: Mid-arm muscle circumference; NASH: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma, BIA: Bioimpedance.