Effect of alpha-lipoic acid and Silybum marianum supplementation with a Mediterranean diet on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis

Table 5 Biochemical parameters at baseline and at weeks 12 and 24 in the control group with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease

Biochemical parameters	Baseline	12 weeks	24 weeks	P value
Leukocytes in thousands/μL1	6.6 (4.1-9.5)	6.3 (4-9.6)	7.7 (4.2-9.9)	0.050
Hb in g/dL2	13.1 + 1.4	13.0 + 1.3	12.9 + 2.3	0.071
Platelets in miles/μL2	278 + 73	254 + 59	251 + 50	0.107
TB in mg/dL2	0.52 + 0.32	0.65 + 0.40	0.72 + 0.33	0.001
AST in U/L1	24 (12-148)	29 (18-110)	25 (17-75)	0.185
ALT in U/L1	30 (10-137)	30 (15-97)	28 (18-86)	0.644
ALP in IU/L2	101 + 41	86 + 30	38 + 18	0.011
GGT in U/L1	36 (19-198)	26 (11-152)	72 (28-98)	0.160
TP in g/dL1	7.3 (6.3-8.8)	7.4 (6.6-8.8)	7.7 (6.7-8.9)	0.661
Albumin in g/dL2	4.00 + 0.57	4.20 + 0.59	7.50 + 0.52	0.056
Cholesterol in mg/dL2	195 + 51	203 + 39	185 + 39	0.457
HDL in mg/dL1	44 (23-66)	44 (32-70)	48 (27-95)	0.213
LDL in mg/dL2	125 + 53	128 + 37	110 + 35	0.425
VLDL in mg/dL2	31.0 + 14.0	29.0 + 10.0	27.0 + 9.6	0.041
Triglycerides in mg/dL2	151 + 67	145 + 51	138 + 48	0.116
Glucose in mg/dL1	104 (71-175)	91 (81-148)	108 (90-177)	0.332
Creatinine in mg/dL2	0.76 + 0.21	0.66 + 0.13	0.69 + 0.20	0.233
CRP in mg/L1	2.70 (0.40-1.45)	0.80 (0.70-0.90)	0.27 (0.03-3.10)	0.018
Insulin in mg/L2	8.8 + 6.7	20.0 + 10.0	15.9 + 6.2	0.015
HOMA2	5.6 + 4.6	5.1 + 3.0	4.1 + 1.9	0.497

¹Non-normal distribution [median (range)];

²Normal distribution (mean standard deviation).

Data distribution was evaluated through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homoscedasticity with the Levene’s test. Groups were compared using the Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test for numerical values, and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test for the categorical variables, correspondingly. Data distribution was evaluated through the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and homoscedasticity with the Levene’s test. Groups were compared using the Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon test for numerical values, and the χ² test or Fisher’s exact test for the categorical variables, correspondingly. ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; Hb: Hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; HOMA: Homeostasis Model Assessment; LDL: Low-density lipoprotein; TB: Total bilirubin; TP: Prothrombin time; VLDL: Very low-density lipoprotein.