Observational Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Hepatol. Jan 27, 2025; 17(1): 101630
Published online Jan 27, 2025. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v17.i1.101630
Table 3 Changes in the frequency of energy-dense, nutrient-poor across the intervention groups
Parameters
Group A
Group B
Group C
Frequency (times per month)
Baseline
End of study
Baseline
End of study
Baseline
End of study
Refined food items (bread, pav, biscuits, cookies, rusk, toast, Khari, etc.)11.7 ± 3.98 ± 2.4412.78 ± 6.068.33 ± 3.9412.67 ± 7.118.33 ± 4.96
Fried food (Puri, Kachori, Tikki, Bhature, Pakoras, Samosas, etc.)11 ± 3.317.28 ± 2.6911.67 ± 6.127.22 ± 4.3211.00 ± 2.606.67 ± 1.63
Sweets (Laddu, Jalebi, Kulfi, Chocolate, Kheer, etc.)7.28 ± 4.345.85 ± 3.538.11 ± 5.325.22 ± 3.598.00 ± 3.226 ± 1.67
High-salt snacks (Namkeen, Bhujia, Pickles, Papad, etc.)8.42 ± 3.255.28 ± 2.5612.11 ± 8.227.33 ± 4.589.5 ± 6.157.5 ± 4.23
Restaurant meals and/or takeouts12.28 ± 5.027.14 ± 2.68.44 ± 3.004.11 ± 1.6914.83 ± 5.157.33 ± 3.67
Red meat (mutton)3.42 ± 3.352 ± 1.913.88 ± 2.422.33 ± 0.865.16 ± 3.432.16 ± 1.32