Impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review

Table 3 Primary and secondary outcomes

Ref.	NAFLD	Non-NAFLD	P value and 95%CI
Milic et al[29]	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 12.1 ± 10.3	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 11.5 ± 10.2	0.61
	Patients on ventilatory support: 24 (18.5)	Patients on ventilatory support: 21 (20.0)	0.9
Huang et al[30]	Respiratory failure: 10 (11.6)	Respiratory failure: 12 (6.2)	0.118
	ARDS: 2 (2.3)	ARDS: 2 (1.0)	0.4
	Hepatic failure: 0 (0)	Hepatic failure: 0 (0)
	Hospital discharge: 63 (73.3)	Hospital discharge: 148 (76.3)	0.587
	Severe illness: 12 (14.0)	Severe illness: 16 (8.2)	0.142
	ICU admission: 5 (5.8)	ICU admission: 13 (6.7)	0.78
	Mortality: 0 (0)	Mortality: 0 (0)
Younossi et al[32]	Acute liver injury: 21 (3.9)	Acute liver injury: 38 (1.6)	0.0006b
	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 9.6 ± 11.4	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 7.3 ± 7.6	< 0.0001b
	ICU admission: 196 (35.4)	ICU admission: 726 (26.5)	< 0.0001b
	Patients on ventilatory support: 76 (13.7)	Patients on ventilatory support: 221 (8.1)	< 0.0001b
	Mortality: 60 (10.8)	Mortality: 239 (8.7)	0.11
	Readmission: 25 (4.5)	Readmission: 95 (4.5)
Vázquez-Medina et al[33]	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 11 ± 9.16	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 11.2 ± 7.8	0.91
	Mortality: 41 (51.9)	Mortality: 23 (38.3)	0.071
	Patients on ventilatory support: 32 (40.5)	Patients on ventilatory support: 12 (20.0)	0.0021,b
Moctezuma-Velázquez et al[34]	ICU admission: 175 (49.0)	ICU admission: 31 (28.0)	< 0.001b
	Patients on ventilatory support: 117 (32.0)	Patients on ventilatory support: 11 (10.0)	< 0.001b
	Mortality: 106 (30.0)	Mortality: 21 (19.0)	0.03a
Nath et al[35]	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 10.6 ± 7.2	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 10.7 ± 6.6	0.447
	Mortality: 55 (6.7)	Mortality: 188 (5.9)	0.381
Vrsaljko et al[36]	Clinical improvement of day 7: 27 (22.5)	Clinical improvement of day 7: 39 (40.6)	0.0048b
	Clinical improvement of day 14: 86 (71.7)	Clinical improvement of day 14: 85 (88.5)	0.0024b
	Duration of hospital stay, day median (IQR): 10 (8-15)	Duration of hospital stay, day median (IQR): 9 (6-12)	0.0018b
	Patients on ventilatory support: 6 (5)	Patients on ventilatory support: 3 (3.1)
	Mortality: 8 (6.7)	Mortality: 3 (3.1)	0.3529
Wang et al[37]	Severe events: 19 (22.1)	Severe events: 22 (16.7)	0.316
	Duration of hospital stay in days, median (IQR): 15 (5-41)	Duration of hospital stay in days, median (IQR): 16 (5-40)	0.407
	Mortality: 0 (0)	Mortality: 2 (1.5)	0.251
Madan et al[38]	Duration of ICU stay, mean ± SD: 8.3 ± 6.9	Duration of ICU stay, mean ± SD: 7.1 ± 5.7	0.208
	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 10.1 ± 7.1	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 10.7 ± 8.1	0.43
	Patients on ventilatory support: 27 (9.3)	Patients on ventilatory support: 14 (8.9)	0.385
	ICU admission: 94 (32.5)	ICU admission: 62 (39.5)	0.752
	Mortality: 38 (13.2)	Mortality: 21 (13.8)	0.866
Zoncapè et al[39]	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 18.8 ± 15.5	Duration of hospital stay, mean ± SD: 16.4 ± 11.9	0.087
	Mortality: 25 (7.5)	Mortality: 28 (8.3)	0.393
Brozat et al[31]	Duration of hospital stay: 9.82	Duration of hospital stay: 8.80	95%CI: 0.78-1.26
	Duration of ICU stay: 2.32	Duration of ICU stay: 2.02	95%CI: 0.14-0.47
	ICU admission: 3227 (22.0)	ICU admission: 3095 (21.1)	95%CI: 0.95-1.08
	Patients on ventilatory support: 2816 (19.2)	Patients on ventilatory support: 2567 (17.5)	95%CI: 1.01-1.14
	Hospital readmission in 30 days: 1247 (8.5)	Hospital readmission in 30 days: 1115 (7.6)	95%CI: 0.86-1.03
	Hospital readmission in 90 days: 1701 (11.6)	Hospital readmission in 90 days: 1569 (10.7)
	Mortality: 1672 (11.4)	Mortality: 1511 (10.3)	95%CI: 0.91-1.06

Data are n (%).

^aP < 0.05.

^bP < 0.01.

¹Vázquez-Medina et al compares NAFLD, MAFLD and control. ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CI: Confidence interval; ICU: Intensive care unit; IQR: Interquartile range; NAFLD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; MAFLD: Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.