Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia: Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

doi:10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.995

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Jul 27, 2024 (publication date) through Nov 8, 2024

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World Journal of Hepatology

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1948-5182

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Retrospective Cohort Study

World J Hepatol. Jul 27, 2024; 16(7): 995-1008
Published online Jul 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.995

Table 3 Clinical presentation of patients with chronic hepatitis B, by cirrhosis status, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia

Variables	All patients, n = 193	No cirrhosis, n = 133	Cirrhosis, n = 60	P value
Symptoms, n (%)	69 (35.8)	58 (43.6)	57 (95.0)	< 0.001^a
Jaundice	34 (17.6)	14 (10.5)	20 (33.3)	0.001^a
Abdominal pain	69 (35.8)	38 (28.6)	31 (51.7)	0.003^a
Abdominal swelling	57 (29.5)	20 (15)	37 (61.7)	< 0.001^a
Edema	32 (16.6)	6 (4.5)	26 (43.3)	< 0.001^a
Nausea/vomiting	36 (18.7)	13 (9.8)	23 (38.3)	< 0.001^a
Hematemesis	24 (12.4)	8 (6.0)	16 (26.7)	< 0.001^a
Pruritus	18 (9.3)	10 (7.5)	8 (13.3)	0.199
Muscle/joint aches	44 (22.8)	21 (15.8)	23 (38.3)	0.001^a
Confusion	13 (6.7)	9 (6.8)	4 (6.7)	0.979
Weight loss	51 (26.4)	18 (13.5)	33 (55.0)	< 0.001^a
Signs, n (%)
BMI < 18.5 kg/m²	34 (17.6)	6 (4.5)	49 (81.7)	< 0.001^a
Edema	30 (15.5)	18 (13.5)	12 (20.0)	0.033^a
Jaundice	12 (6.2)	0 (0)	12 (20.0)	< 0.001^a
Pale conjunctiva	10 (5.2)	1 (0.8)	9 (15.0)	< 0.001^a
Palmar erythema	14 (7.3)	2 (1.5)	12 (20.0)	< 0.001^a
Gynecomastia	8 (4.1)	0 (0)	8 (13.3)	0.011^a
Ascites	29 (15.0)	0 (0)	29 (48.3)	< 0.001^a
Splenomegaly	34 (17.6)	1 (0.8)	33 (55.0)	< 0.001^a
Ultrasound findings¹, n (%)
Normal liver surface	64 (47.8)	62 (80.5)	2 (3.5)	0.022^a
Mild uneven liver surface	11 (8.2)	5 (6.5)	6 (10.5)	0.478
Nodular and irregular surface	49 (36.6)	0 (0)	49 (86.0)	< 0.001^a
Other	10 (7.5)	10 (13.0)	0 (0)	0.057

^aP < 0.05.

¹A total of 59 missing values, of whom 3 patients had clinical signs of cirrhosis. BMI: Body mass index.

Citation: Ismael NY, Usmael SA, Belay NB, Mekonen HD, Johannessen A, Orlien SM. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia: Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(7): 995-1008
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v16/i7/995.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i7.995