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©The Author(s) 2024.
World J Hepatol. May 27, 2024; 16(5): 809-821
Published online May 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.809
Published online May 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.809
Table 2 Clinical characteristics of acute-on-chronic liver disease patients, n (%)
Characteristic | Overall (n = 3375) | ACLF (n = 850) | non-ACLF | |||
Overall (n = 2525) | CHAE (n = 577) | LC-A (n = 269) | LC-AD (n = 1679) | |||
Demographics | ||||||
Sex, male | 2489 (73.7) | 702 (82.6) | 1787 (70.8)a | 431 (74.7) | 174 (64.7)b | 1182 (70.4) |
Age, yr [median (IQR)] | 49.3 (41.6, 58.5) | 47.5 (40.0, 55.1) | 51.0 (42.7, 59.8)a | 42.2 (33.0, 50.0) | 50.2 (43.8, 56.3)b | 53.0 (45.5, 61.4)c,d |
Precipitating events | ||||||
Bacterial infection | 771 (22.8) | 311 (36.6) | 460 (18.2)a | 31 (5.4) | 41 (15.2)b | 388 (23.1)c,d |
HBV reactivation | 378 (11.2) | 122 (14.4) | 256 (10.1)a | 149 (25.8) | 25 (9.29)b | 82 (4.9)c,d |
Alcohol intake | 327 (9.7) | 99 (11.6) | 228 (9.0)a | 45 (7.8) | 22 (8.18) | 161 (9.6) |
Superimposed hepatitis viruses | 94 (2.8) | 46 (5.4) | 48 (1.9)a | 18 (3.1) | 1 (0.37) | 29 (1.7) |
Portal vein thrombosis | 66 (2.0) | 6 (0.7) | 60 (2.4)a | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.37) | 59 (3.5)c,d |
Surgery | 40 (1.2) | 5 (0.6) | 35 (1.4) | 1 (0.2) | 2 (0.74) | 32 (1.9)d |
Drug use | 230 (6.8) | 94 (11.1) | 136 (5.4)a | 55 (9.5) | 12 (4.46) | 69 (4.1)d |
Physiological exhaustion | 138 (4.1) | 56 (6.6) | 82 (3.3)a | 28 (4.9) | 10 (3.72) | 44 (2.6)d |
Undefined | 925 (27.4) | 164 (19.3) | 761 (30.1)a | 181 (31.4) | 86 (32.0) | 494 (29.4) |
Complications | ||||||
HE | ||||||
Non-overt HE | 3080 (91.3) | 726 (85.4) | 2354 (93.2) | 570 (98.8) | 265 (98.5) | 1519 (90.5) |
Grade I-II | 233 (6.90) | 94 (11.1) | 139 (5.50)a | 7 (1.21) | 3 (1.12)b | 129 (7.68)c,d |
Grade III-IV | 62 (1.84) | 30 (3.53) | 32 (1.27)a | 0 (0.00) | 1 (0.37)b | 31 (1.85)c,d |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 520 (15.4) | 38 (4.47) | 482 (19.1)a | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 482 (28.7)c,d |
Ascites | 1662 (49.2) | 515 (60.6) | 1147 (45.4)a | 24 (4.16) | 6 (2.23) | 1117 (66.5)c,d |
Biochemical indicators, [median (IQR)] | ||||||
WBC (× 109/L) | 4.91 (3.57, 6.90) | 6.61 (4.75, 9.01) | 4.49 (3.23, 6.12)a | 4.90 (4.08, 6.09) | 4.09 (3.11, 5.48)b | 4.35 (2.95, 6.26)c,d |
HGB (g/L) | 117 (95.0, 135) | 120 (104, 135) | 116 (92.0, 135)a | 140 (130, 153) | 122 (108, 137)b | 104 (83.0, 122)c,d |
PLT (×109/L) | 89.0 (56.0, 137) | 91.0 (62.0, 129) | 89.0 (55.0, 140) | 143 (114, 179) | 85.0 (59.8, 132)b | 72.0 (48.0, 111)c,d |
PT (s) | 13.9 (1.69, 18.4) | 20.6 (2.57, 26.8) | 13.2 (1.45, 16.3)a | 11.8 (1.29, 14.4) | 1.90 (1.21, 14.8) | 14.2 (1.58, 17.0)c,d |
INR | 1.44 (1.21, 1.82) | 2.13 (1.77, 2.65) | 1.32 (1.15, 1.52)a | 1.17 (1.05, 1.34) | 1.23 (1.10, 1.46)b | 1.38 (1.22, 1.59)c,d |
ALT (IU/mL) | 89.0 (32.0, 448) | 209 (73.7, 611) | 62.3 (27.0, 359)a | 723 (416, 1137) | 89.6 (39.8, 252)b | 38.2 (22.4, 80.4)c,d |
AST (IU/mL) | 114 (47.1, 313) | 198 (105, 451) | 84.0 (39.2, 258)a | 432 (256, 748) | 102 (51.8, 212)b | 54.0 (31.0, 106)c,d |
AKP (IU/L) | 127 (92.0, 172) | 148 (117, 190) | 119 (84.7, 164)a | 130 (103, 168) | 127 (92.0, 168) | 112 (77.0, 161)c,d |
GGT (IU/L) | 78.8 (38.0, 152) | 78.0 (48.6, 127) | 79.0 (33.8, 161)a | 151 (97.3, 231) | 106 (41.0, 190)b | 54.3 (25.0, 117)c,d |
TB (mg/dL) | 4.33 (1.68, 13.7) | 20.1 (14.1, 27.4) | 2.53 (1.33, 5.96) | 3.37 (1.71, 8.38) | 2.17 (1.34, 3.34)b | 2.44 (1.23, 5.85)c,d |
ALB (g/L) | 31.7 (27.5, 36.0) | 30.7 (27.3, 33.8) | 32.1 (27.6, 36.8)a | 38.2 (34.1, 41.5) | 33.5 (29.0, 37.4)b | 30.2 (26.3, 34.0)c,d |
CRE (mg/L) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.94) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.08) | 0.76 (0.64, 0.91)a | 0.76 (0.64, 0.86) | 0.75 (0.61, 0.92) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.93)d |
BUN (mmol/L) | 4.60 (3.50, 6.60) | 4.40 (3.28, 6.60) | 4.68 (3.60, 6.60)a | 3.90 (3.12, 4.70) | 4.39 (3.70, 5.47)b | 5.30 (3.85, 7.51)c,d |
Na (mmol/L) | 138 (135, 141) | 136 (133, 139) | 139 (136, 141)a | 139 (137, 141) | 140 (137, 142) | 138 (136, 141)c,d |
MELD score [median (IQR)] | 11.5 (5.92, 18.2) | 21.9 (18.5, 25.9) | 8.75 (4.60, 13.0)a | 7.79 (3.81, 12.1) | 6.56 (3.55, 9.58)b | 9.50 (5.09, 13.7)c,d |
Mortality (LT free) | ||||||
28-d | 278 (8.24) | 203 (23.9) | 75 (2.97)a | 1 (0.17) | 2 (0.74) | 72 (4.29)c,d |
90-d | 492 (14.6) | 326 (38.4) | 166 (6.57)a | 7 (1.21) | 8 (2.97) | 151 (8.99)c,d |
- Citation: Zhang YY, Luo S, Li H, Sun SN, Wang XB, Zheng X, Huang Y, Li BL, Gao YH, Qian ZP, Liu F, Lu XB, Liu JP, Ren HT, Zheng YB, Yan HD, Deng GH, Qiao L, Zhang Y, Gu WY, Xiang XM, Zhou Y, Hou YX, Zhang Q, Xiong Y, Zou CC, Chen J, Huang ZB, Jiang XH, Qi TT, Chen YY, Gao N, Liu CY, Yuan W, Mei X, Li J, Li T, Zheng RJ, Zhou XY, Zhao J, Meng ZJ. Characterization of acute-on-chronic liver diseases: A multicenter prospective cohort study. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(5): 809-821
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v16/i5/809.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.809