Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of intensive care unit patients with liver cirrhosis

doi:10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.625

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World Journal of Hepatology

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World J Hepatol. Apr 27, 2024; 16(4): 625-639
Published online Apr 27, 2024. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.625

Table 2 Baseline comparison between the two databases

Variables		All	MIMIC	eICU	P value
Variables		(n = 3571)	0 (n = 2730)	1 (n = 841)	P value
Hospital_expire_flag, n (%)	0	2827 (79.165)	2161 (79.158)	666 (79.191)	0.983
	1	744 (20.835)	569 (20.842)	175 (20.809)
Demographics
Age, median [IQR], yr		58.641 [51.114, 66.693]	59.043 [51.654, 67.468]	56.000 [50.000, 64.000]	< 0.001
Gender, n (%)	Female (0)	1351 (37.833)	1027 (37.619)	324 (38.526)	0.636
	Male (1)	2220 (62.167)	1703 (62.381)	517 (61.474)
Etiology and complications
Etiology, n (%)	Alcoholic (0)	1738 (48.670)	1448 (53.040)	290 (34.483)	< 0.001
	Others (1)	1833 (51.330)	1282 (46.960)	551 (65.517)
HE, n (%)	No (0)	2776(77.737)	2171 (79.524)	605 (71.938)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	795(22.263)	559 (20.476)	236 (28.062)
VH, n (%)	No (0)	3147(88.127)	2407 (88.168)	740 (87.990)	0.889
	Yes (1)	424(11.873)	323 (11.832)	101 (12.010)
AKI_stage_max, n (%)	Without (0)	1077 (30.160)	646 (23.663)	431 (51.249)	< 0.001
	Stage Ⅰ (1)	497 (13.918)	333 (12.198)	164 (19.501)
	Stage Ⅱ (2)	808 (22.627)	779 (28.535)	29 (3.448)
	Stage Ⅲ (3)	1189 (33.296)	972 (35.604)	217 (25.803)
Comorbidities
Renal_disease, n (%)	No (0)	2784 (77.961)	2096 (76.777)	688 (81.807)	0.002
	Yes (1)	787 (22.039)	634 (23.223)	153 (18.193)
Diabetes, n (%)	No (0)	2514 (70.400)	1872 (68.571)	642 (76.338)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	1057 (29.600)	858 (31.429)	199 (23.662)
COPD, n (%)	No (0)	3315 (92.831)	2563 (93.883)	752 (89.417)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	256 (7.169)	167 (6.117)	89 (10.583)
HF, n (%)	No (0)	2899 (81.182)	2148 (78.681)	751 (89.298)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	672 (18.818)	582 (21.319)	90 (10.702)
MI, n (%)	No (0)	3268 (91.515)	2462 (90.183)	806 (95.838)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	303 (8.485)	268 (9.817)	35 (4.162)
Treatment
vasopressor, n (%)	No (0)	2199 (61.579)	1569 (57.473)	630 (74.911)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	1372 (38.421)	1161 (42.527)	211 (25.089)
invasive_ventilation, n (%)	No (0)	2150 (60.207)	1499 (54.908)	651 (77.408)	< 0.001
	Yes (1)	1421 (39.793)	1231 (45.092)	190 (22.592)
RRT, n (%)	No (0)	3044 (85.242)	2314 (84.762)	730 (86.801)	0.145
	Yes (1)	527 (14.758)	416 (15.238)	111 (13.199)
Laboratory tests
Bicarbonate, median [IQR], mmol/L		22.000 [19.000, 25.000]	22.000 [19.000, 25.000]	22.000 [18.000, 25.000]	0.291
Calcium, median [IQR], mg/dL		8.300 [7.700, 8.800]	8.300 [7.700, 8.900]	8.200 [7.700, 8.700]	0.005
Chloride, median [IQR], mmol/L		102.000 [97.000, 107.000]	102.000 [97.000, 107.000]	102.000 [98.000, 107.000]	0.108
Sodium, median [IQR], mmol/L		137.000 [133.000, 140.000]	137.000 [133.000, 140.000]	136.000 [131.000, 140.000]	< 0.001
Potassium, median [IQR], mmol/L		4.100 [3.700, 4.700]	4.200 [3.700, 4.800]	4.100 [3.600, 4.600]	< 0.001
BUN, median [IQR], mg/dL		26.000 [15.000, 45.000]	26.000 [15.000, 45.000]	25.000 [14.000, 45.000]	0.49
Creatinine, median [IQR], mg/dL		1.200 [0.800, 2.100]	1.200 [0.800, 2.100]	1.250 [0.800, 2.200]	0.193
Albumin, median [IQR], g/dL		2.900 [2.400, 3.350]	3.000 [2.600, 3.400]	2.500 [2.100, 3.067]	< 0.001
ALT, median [IQR], IU/L		32.000 [20.000, 60.000]	31.000 [20.000, 59.500]	36.000 [23.000, 60.000]	0.001
AST, median [IQR], IU/L		65.000 [39.000, 126.000]	63.000 [38.000, 125.000]	70.000 [43.000, 130.000]	0.007
Bilirubin_total, median [IQR], mg/dL		2.623 [1.200, 6.400]	2.500 [1.100, 6.200]	3.100 [1.400, 7.000]	< 0.001
INR, median [IQR]		1.600 [1.300, 2.100]	1.600 [1.300, 2.100]	1.600 [1.300, 2.100]	0.272
Pt, median [IQR], sec		18.000 [14.800, 22.900]	17.800 [14.600, 22.700]	18.300 [15.500, 23.400]	0.005
Hemoglobin, median [IQR], g/dL		9.500 [8.000, 11.100]	9.500 [8.100, 11.100]	9.500 [8.000, 11.300]	0.88
Platelets, median [IQR], 10⁹/L		105.000 [67.000, 166.000]	108.000 [68.000, 170.000]	97.000 [63.000, 154.000]	< 0.001
WBC, median [IQR], 10⁹/L		9.100 [5.800, 13.700]	9.000 [5.800, 13.600]	9.400 [5.900, 14.300]	0.113
RDW, median [IQR], %		17.000 [15.200, 19.100]	16.800 [15.100, 18.900]	17.300 [15.500, 19.600]	< 0.001
Bicarbonate, median [IQR], mmol/L
Hr_mean, median [IQR]		87.182 [76.588, 99.122]	86.800 [76.237, 98.769]	89.029 [78.045, 100.000]	0.002
SBP_mean, median [IQR], mmHg		109.842 [101.208, 122.292]	110.120 [101.694, 122.500]	108.920 [99.750, 121.000]	0.002
Dbp_mean, median [IQR], mmHg		60.143 [53.750, 67.810]	60.320 [53.963, 68.038]	59.310 [53.225, 67.000]	0.031
Rr_mean, median [IQR], mmHg		18.363 [16.047, 21.286]	18.243 [15.958, 21.200]	18.640 [16.533, 21.896]	< 0.001
Prognostic scoring system
Meld, median [IQR]		16.588 [10.602, 24.153]	16.060 [10.225, 23.595]	17.887 [12.060, 26.087]	< 0.001
SOFA, median [IQR]		7.000 [5.000, 10.000]	8.000 [5.000, 10.000]	7.000 [5.000, 10.000]	0.017

HE: Hepatic encephalopathy; VH: Variceal hemorrhage; AKI: Acute kidney injury; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HF: Heart failure; MI: Myocardial infarct; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; ALT: Aminotransferase alanine; AST: Aminotransferase aspartate; INR: International Normalized Ratio; Pt: Prothrombin Time; WBC: White blood cells; RDW: Red cell distribution width; RRT: Renal replacement therapy; HR: Heart rate; SBP: Systolic blood pressure; DBP: Diastolic blood pressure; RR: Respiratory rate; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; max: Maximum; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; IQR: Interquartile range; MIMIC-IV: Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV.

Citation: Tang XW, Ren WS, Huang S, Zou K, Xu H, Shi XM, Zhang W, Shi L, Lü MH. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of intensive care unit patients with liver cirrhosis. World J Hepatol 2024; 16(4): 625-639
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v16/i4/625.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.625