Molecular mechanism of nanomaterials induced liver injury: A review

Table 11 Effects and molecular mechanisms underlying GONPs induced hepatonanotoxicity

NPs	Size	Tested model	Dose & route of administration	Effects & mechanism	Ref.
GO	100-500 nm (TEM)	Sprague dawley rats	2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg/d for 7 d (i.v.)	Liver inflammation; Cholesterol, HDL, LDL (decreased)	[144]
GO	40 nm (TEM)	Sprague Dawley rats	10, 20 and 40 mg/Kg b.w. once for 5 d, (oral)	ROS, AST, ALT, LHP (increased)	[146]
GO	0.8-2 nm (TEM)	Wistar rats	0.4/2/10 mg/kg b.w.	AST, ALP, ALT, MDA (increased); CAT (decreased)	[147]

ALP: Alkaline phosphatase; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; CAT: Catalase; HDL: High density lipoprotein; LDL: Low density lipoprotein; LHP: Lipid hydro peroxide; MDA: Malondialdehyde; ROS: Reactive oxygen species.