Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

Table 4 Characteristics of antibiotic therapy

Variable	Number (n = 73)1
Empirical antibiotic treatment
Monotherapy	40 (54.8)
Combination therapy with > 2 antibiotics (n)	24 (32.9)
Combination therapy with > 3 antibiotics (n)	6 (8.2)
Unspecific antibiotic information	3 (4,1)
Antibiotic classes1
Penicillins	25 (34.2)
Cephalosporins	14 (19.2)
Metronidazole	14 (19.2)
Carbapenems	13 (17.8)
Other	13 (17.8)
Quinolones	11 (15.1)
Glycopeptides	6 (8,2)
Not assessable	4 (5.5)
Most frequent antibiotic combinations
Cephalosporins with Metronidazole	8 (11)
Carbapenems with others	4 (5.5)
Quinolones with Metronidazole	3 (4.1)
Coverage
Gram positive	26 (35.6)
Gram negative	17 (23.3)
Gram positive and negative	12 (16.4)
Gram negative and anaerobic	12 (16.4)
Non-rankable/gram positive. Negative and anaerobic	6 (8.2)
Duration of therapy
One week	18 (24.7)
Up to two weeks	28 (38.4)
More than two weeks	10 (13.7)
No data	18 (24.7)
Efficacy of empirical antibiotic therapy
No sufficient data	17 (23.3)
No resistance to antibiotics being used	19 (26)
Change in multi-resistant germ under antibiotic therapy	2 (2.7)
Antibiotic therapy not adequate	7 (9.6)
No germ detection with adequate diagnostics. Effectiveness of antibiotic therapy cannot be assessed	5 (6.8)
No germ detection in the absence of microbiological diagnostics	24 (32.9)

¹n = 73 because of one patient without specific treatment.