Retrospective study of the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes of bacterial infections at uncommon sites in cirrhotic patients

Table 1 Comparing common and non-common bacterial infections

	Atypical BI (n = 74)	Common BI (n = 225)	No BI (n = 640)	P value1	P value2	P value3
Sex (female)	20 (27.0)	80 (35.6)	218 (34.1)	0.20	0.243	0.88
Age (yr)	61.14 ± 12.61	61.34 ± 11.95	60.45 ± 10.76	0.901	0.61
Diabetes (yes)	28 (37.8)	69 (30.7)	199 (31.1)	0.26	0.238	0.706
Etiology of cirrhosis
Alcoholic	35 (47.3)	147 (65.3)	317 (49.5)
Hepatitis C	2 (2.7)	29 (12.9)	101 (15.8)
Hepatitis B	1 (1.4)	3 (1.3)	21 (3.3)
NASH	5 (6.8)	7 (3.1)	60 (9.4)
Cryptogenic	6 (8.1)	19 (8.4)	72 (11.3)
PSC	7 (9.5)	2 (0.9)	6 (0.9)
Others	11 (14.9)	10 (4.4)	48 (7.5)
Hemochromatosis	3 (4.1)	1 (0.4)	10 (1.6)
PBC	4 (5.4)	2 (0.9)	5 (0.8)
Medication
Beta blocker	33 (45.8)	115 (51.8)	297 (47.1)	0.42	0.901	0.359
Long term ATBx	13 (18.1)	74 (33.1)	73 (11.6)	0.017	0.128	< 0.001
Lactulose	24 (33.3)	108 (48.6)	196 (31.1)	0.029	0.689	< 0.001
PPI	49 (68.1)	183 (82.4)	419 (66.3)	0.013	0.794	< 0.001
Laboratory parameters
Serum sodium (mmol/L)	137.62 ± 4.04	136.56 ± 5.03	138.10 ± 4.61	0.10	0.346	< 0.001
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.14 ± 0.60	1.38 ± 1.17	1.029 ± 0.52	0.018	0.106	< 0.001
Total bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.83 ± 4.00	3.73 ± 5.88	2.21 ± 3.96	0.14	0.205	< 0.001
Albumin (g/dL)	33.24 ± 6.73	32.95 ± 6.91	36.64 ± 7.14	0.75	< 0.001	< 0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	11.98 ± 2.21	11.19 ± 2.34	12.66 ± 2.48	0.009	0.025	< 0.001
INR	1.27 ± 0.34	1.37 ± 58	1.25 ± 0.32	0.15	0.639	0.001
ASAT	108.69 ± 257.76	80.55 ± 104.89	84.75 ± 185.15	0.31	0.475	0.930
ALAT	71.46 ± 219.92	53.63 ± 121.43	69.08 ± 164.11	0.39	0.911	0.327
Platelets	164.93 ± 110.00	150.74 ± 88.46	150.27 ± 79.27	0.26	0.151	0.527
MELD	12.86 ± 5.13	15.10 ± 7.44	11.60 ± 5.13	0.005	0.049	< 0.001
CPS	7.99 ± 2.15	8.61 ± 2.50	7.19 ± 5.44	0.05	0.003	< 0.001
Fibroscan (kPa)	41.96 ± 21.94	46 ± 21.90	37.06 ± 21.44	0.22	0.106	< 0.001

¹Uncommon bacterial infections (BI) versus common BI.

²Uncommon BI versus no BI.

³Any BI versus no BI.

Data is presented as frequency and percentage or median and standard deviation. Significant P values are marked in bold. ALAT: Alanine aminotransferase; ASAT: Aspartate aminotransferase; ATBx: Antibiotic therapy; BI: Bacterial infection; CPS: Child-Pugh-Score; CRP: C-reactive-protein; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model of End Stage Liver Disease; WBC: White blood cells; UTI: Urinary tract infections; SBP: Spontaneous-bacterial peritonitis. Long term ATBx = minimum 28 d, in the case of hepatic encephalopathy or prophylaxis of SBP.