Evaluation of G3BP1 in the prognosis of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure after the treatment of artificial liver support system

Table 1 Clinical parameter baseline data for training cohort, validation cohorts and prospective confirmatory cohorts

Variable1	DifG3BP1 in training cohort					Validation cohorts
	Overall	T1 (< 0)	T2 (0-1)	T3 (> 1)	P value2
Patients (n)	244	83	120	41		514
Age (yr), mean ± SD	51.9 ± 13.2	53.20 ± 12.08	50.91 ± 14.07	52.10 ± 13.10	0.477	54.35 ± 15.6
Men, n (%)	204 (83.6)	68 (81.9)	99 (82.5)	37 (90.2)	0.45	426 (82.8)
AFP, mean ± SD	108.93 ± 170.12	68.65 ± 119.17	124.85 ± 180.26	143.86 ± 211.32	0.024	106.94 ± 114.56
WBC, mean ± SD	7.19 ± 3.54	8.28 ± 4.26	6.61 ± 2.97	6.70 ± 3.00	0.002	7.43 ± 3.65
N%, mean ± SD	69.38 ± 11.85	72.79 ± 10.60	67.33 ± 12.39	68.50 ± 11.35	0.004	71.34 ± 12.38
SAA, mean ± SD	9.33 ± 14.10	10.27 ± 13.57	9.61 ± 15.09	6.63 ± 11.99	0.385	9.56 ± 13.87
CRP, mean ± SD	14.03 ± 20.31	17.94 ± 23.64	12.09 ± 17.93	11.78 ± 18.84	0.096	13.67 ± 18.48
PCT, mean ± SD	0.62 ± 0.75	0.76 ± 0.92	0.55 ± 0.68	0.56 ± 0.54	0.13	0.65 ± 0.71
ALB (g/L), mean ± SD	31.23 ± 4.00	30.99 ± 3.53	31.36 ± 4.43	31.31 ± 3.61	0.799	32.56 ± 4.15
PTA (%), mean ± SD	43.69 ± 20.01	37.24 ± 15.90	46.35 ± 21.99	48.97 ± 18.40	0.001	42.17 ± 21.03
PT, mean ± SD	20.56 ± 6.21	23.13 ± 7.09	19.41 ± 5.41	18.74 ± 4.85	< 0.001	19.15 ± 6.12
INR, mean ± SD	1.83 ± 0.59	2.07 ± 0.70	1.72 ± 0.48	1.67 ± 0.47	< 0.001	1.87 ± 0.61
ALT, mean ± SD	276.93 ± 546.24	185.54 ± 266.86	332.65 ± 701.28	298.85 ± 420.08	0.162	295.13 ± 537.87
TBIL, mean ± SD	322.21 ± 131.10	353.56 ± 150.78	303.54 ± 122.07	313.37 ± 101.51	0.024	317.81 ± 145.11
AST, mean ± SD	247.66 ± 468.92	179.95 ± 188.58	292.26 ± 623.86	254.20 ± 299.16	0.244	238.98 ± 464.17
LDH, mean ± SD	273.07 ± 82.84	302.18 ± 70.80	250.64 ± 84.55	279.78 ± 82.64	< 0.001	286.46 ± 86.78
GFR, mean ± SD	101.69 ± 25.05	97.36 ± 27.28	104.94 ± 24.51	100.96 ± 20.71	0.104	102.54 ± 26.33
PLT, mean ± SD	111.18 ± 67.19	96.40 ± 66.11	118.06 ± 64.91	120.95 ± 72.38	0.046	106.54 ± 71.77
Family history of liver disease, n (%)3	36 (14.75)	14 (16.9)	17 (14.2)	5 (12.2)	0.763	78 (15.2)
Treatment method = PE + DPMAS (%)	20 (8.20)	7 (8.6)	6 (7.3)	7 (8.6)	0.938	46 (8.9)
LOS time (months), mean ± SD	35.55 (20.63)	34.36 (19.78)	36.51 (22.33)	35.75 (19.84)	0.797	35.78 (21.34)
Diabetes, n (%)	33 (13.52)	11 (13.6)	8 (9.8)	14 (17.3)	0.373	69
ALF, n (%)	53 (21.72)	14 (26.41)	29 (54.72)	10 (18.87)		111 (21.60)
ACLF, n (%)	191 (78.28)	69 (36.13)	91 (47.64)	31 (16.23)		403 (78.40)

¹Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD or median, categorical variables are expressed as n (%).

²Comparing the covariates across the 3 categories of the difference of G3BP1 between the level of discharge and admission.

³The family history included hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis, and liver cancer.

ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; AFP: Alpha-fetoprotein; ALB: Albumin; ALF: Acute liver failure; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate transaminase; CRP: C-reactive protein; DifG3BP1: Difference of G3BP1 between the level of discharge and admission; DPMAS: Dual plasma molecular adsorption system; GFR: Glomeruar filtration rate; INR: International normalized ratio; LDH: Lactate dehydrogenase; N%: Neutrophil percent; PCT: Procalcitonin; PE: Plasma exchange; PLT: Platelet; PTA: Prothrombin activity; PT: Prothrombin time; SAA: Serum amyloid A protein; TBIL: Total bilirubin; WBC: White blood cell. T1 group: The group patients with the changed value of difference of G3BP1 between the level of discharge and admission discharge and admission (difG3BP1) was less than 0; T2 group: The group patients with the changed value of difG3BP1 was more than 0 and less than 1; T3 group: The group patients with the changed value of difG3BP1 was more than 1.