Clinical profiles and their interaction of concurrent metabolic associated steatotic liver disease and hepatitis B virus infection

Table 2 Clinical characteristics between hepatitis B virus carrier and healthy controls before and after propensity score matching for age and sex

Characteristic	Before PSM			After PSM
	HBV carrier, n = 2128	Healthy controls, n = 5666	P value	HBV carrier, n = 2128	Healthy controls, n = 2128	P value
Age, year	53.85 ± 9.68	51.29 ± 11.25	< 0.001	53.85 ± 9.68	53.88 ± 9.71	0.926
Male	775 (36.42)	1553 (27.41)	< 0.001	775 (36.42)	772 (36.28)	0.924
BMI, kg/m2	24.16 ± 3.65	24.13 ± 3.88	0.778	24.16 ± 3.65	24.32 ± 3.80	0.151
Body fat %	28.66 ± 7.67	29.52 ± 7.44	< 0.001	28.66 ± 7.67	28.76 ± 7.62	0.670
WC, cm	83.27 ± 10.29	82.82 ± 10.32	0.086	83.27 ± 10.29	83.83 ± 10.14	0.072
Metabolic parameters
MASLD	755 (35.48)	2229 (39.34)	0.002	755 (35.48)	925 (43.47)	< 0.001
Diabetes	204 (9.59)	474 (8.37)	0.088	204 (9.59)	206 (9.68)	0.917
Hypertension	293 (13.77)	724 (12.78)	0.247	293 (13.77)	330 (15.51)	0.109
Hyperlipidemia	182 (8.55)	548 (9.67)	0.131	182 (8.55)	244 (11.47)	0.002
Glucose, mg/dL	96 (21.23)	95 (19.00)	0.036	96 (21.23)	97 (21.66)	0.325
HbA1c, %	5.83 ± 0.83	5.80 ± 0.75	0.110	5.83 ± 0.83	5.86 ± 0.84	0.205
TG, mg/dL	107.73 ± 73.91	115.42 ± 77.93	< 0.001	107.73 ± 73.91	121.34 ± 80.35	< 0.001
CHO, mg/dL	194.28 ± 35.76	197.94 ± 36.28	< 0.001	194.28 ± 35.76	198.76 ± 35.46	< 0.001
HDL, mg/dL	55.23 ± 13.62	55.89 ± 13.74	0.059	55.23 ± 13.62	54.74 ± 13.70	0.242
LDL, mg/dL	118.93 ± 31.26	121.78 ± 32.15	< 0.001	118.93 ± 31.26	122.86 ± 31.63	< 0.001
Liver parameters
AST, U/L	27.97 ± 15.57	24.35 ± 12.12	< 0.001	27.97 ± 15.57	24.71 ± 10.15	< 0.001
ALT, U/L	28.57 ± 29.68	23.10 ± 22.66	< 0.001	28.57 ± 29.68	23.63 ± 17.79	< 0.001
GGT, U/L	20.03 ± 19.47	22.21 ± 20.17	< 0.001	20.03 ± 19.47	23.47 ± 22.09	< 0.001
Fatty liver index	23.12 ± 21.76	24.85 ± 24.05	0.004	23.12 ± 21.76	26.89 ± 24.28	< 0.001
FIB-4	1.49 ± 0.75	1.23 ± 0.61	< 0.001	1.49 ± 0.75	1.31 ± 0.59	< 0.001
FIB-4 > 2	407 (19.13)	578 (10.20)	< 0.0001	407 (19.13)	260 (12.22)	< 0.0001
Other parameter
Carotid plaque	533 (25.05)	1266 (22.34)	0.012	533 (25.05)	566 (26.60)	0.248

Data are n (%). PSM: Propensity score matching; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; BMI: Body mass index; CHO: Cholesterol; FIB-4: Fibrosis-4; GGT: γ-glutamyl transferase; HbA1c: Glycated hemoglobin; HDL: High-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; MASLD: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; TG: Triglycerides; WC: Waist circumference.