Sensitivity of diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is higher with the automated cell count method

Table 3 Clinical and biochemical characteristics of positive-spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and negative-spontaneous bacterial peritonitis cases in cohort 1, n (%)/mean ± SD

	Negative-SBP (n = 132)	Positive-SBP (n = 5)	P value
Demographic and clinical characteristics
Male sex	73 (55)	3 (60)	1.0
Age (years)	62.1 ± 12.9	71.8 ± 14.2	0.10
Diabetes	23 (21)	2 (40)	0.30
Betablockers	40 (37)	3 (60)	0.61
Immunosuppression	2 (2)	1 (20)	0.13
SBP prophylaxis	26 (24)	0	0.59
Rifaximin	6 (6)	0	1.0
Alcohol-related cirrhosis	94 (71)	3 (60)	0.51
Main cause of admission
Infection	34 (26)	2 (40)	0.35
Ascites	62 (47)	2 (40)
Jaundice	9 (7)	1 (20)
Encephalopathy	9 (7)	0
UGIB	11 (8)	0
AKI	2 (1)	0
Other1	5 (4)	0
Admission in ITU	5 (4)	0	1.0
Shock	2 (2)	0	1.0
Hospital mortality	9/85 (11)	2/5 (40)	0.11
Liver and renal function
Bilirubin (µmol/L)	99 ± 115	188 ± 208	0.10
Albumin (g/L)	28 ± 5	29 ± 4	0.91
INR	1.5 ± 0.4	2.0 ± 0.5	0.01
Ascites-Grade 32	84 (64)	2 (40)	0.36
Encephalopathy
Grade 0-1	91 (69)	3 (60)	0.53
Grade 2-3	41 (31)	2 (40)
Creatinine (µmol/L)	84 ± 47	104 ± 56	0.36
Sodium (mmol/L)	132 ± 6	133 ± 7	0.99
Child-Pugh (score)	10.1 ± 1.7	12.0 ± 1.0	0.02
MELD score (points)	19 ± 7	25 ± 7	0.06
UKELD score (points)	58 ± 5	61 ± 2	0.25
CLIF-C ACLF score (points)	43.3 ± 8.4	53.5 ± 7.3	0.02
ACLF grade
No ACLF	68 (57)	3 (60)	0.66
ACLF grade 1	40 (33)	1 (20)
ACLF grade 2-3	12 (10)	1 (20)

¹2 cases with anemia, 2 cases with hyponatremia and falls, and 1 case with hip fracture decompensated with ascites after surgery.

²All other cases had grade-2 ascites.

SBP: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis; UGIB: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding; AKI: Acute kidney injury; ITU: Intensive therapy unit; INR: International normalized ratio; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; UKELD: United Kingdom end-stage liver disease; CLIF-C ACLF: Chronic liver failure consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure.