Corrected QT interval in cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Table 1 Characteristics of eligible studies

Ref.	Type of study	Device	Formula	Patients, n	Controls, n	Female ratio	Alcoholic etiology ratio	Child-Pugh			MELD score	Age in yr	QTc
								A, n	B, n	C, n				Prolongation ratio	Controls	Females	Viral etiology	Acohol etiology	Child-Pugh A	Child-Pugh B	Child-Pugh C	Tx pre	Tx post
Wang et al[62], 2023	R	E	B	1022		0.095	1					52.6 ± 11.6		0.107
Bilous et al[10], 2023	P	H	B	33		0.394		8	14	11		48.0 ± 12.0	393.7 ± 35.0
Barutcu et al[37], 2023	R	E	B	100	100	0.440		32	34	34	16 ± 8	60.0 ± 42.2	446.3 ± 49.3		439 ± 33				410 ± 23	455 ± 39	473 ± 53
Lu et al[46], 2022	R	E	B	3529		0.233	0.182					55.0 ± 11.0		0.158
Wang et al[63], 2022	R	E	B	189		0.783		102	56	31		59.4 ± 11.8	435.9 ± 46.1	0.243					433 ± 45	439 ± 47	439 ± 47
Li et al[27], 2021	P	E	F	274		0.456		108	122	44	12 ± 4	61.8 ± 12.8		0.328
Ou et al[40], 2021	R	E	B	167		0.281	0.168	70	81	16	11 ± 4	52.9 ± 10.8		0.665
Ko et al[25], 2021	R	E	B	408		0.236	0.093					57.1 ± 12.0	452.0 ± 31.0	0.650								452 ± 31	430 ± 32
Héla et al[36], 2020	P	H	B	42		0.429	0.095	12	15	15		60.0 ± 13.2	435.9 ± 21.8	0.476					423 ± 19	429 ± 17	453 ± 17
Abrahamovych et al[64], 2020	R	H	B	87		0.276	1					44.5 ± 4.3	443.8 ± 34.4
Ibrahim et al[65], 2020	P	E	B	50		0.580	0	38	12	0		52.0 ± 12.0	415.8 ± 24.4
Hussain et al[66], 2020	P	E	B	87	87	0.460	0.316					47.0 ± 13.3	470.0 ± 50.0	0.218	400 ± 50
Kim et al[35], 2020	R	E	B	310		0.274	0.274	105	94	111		46.0 ± 17.0	450.0 ± 43.0					460 ± 44	417 ± 29	452 ± 34	480 ± 38
Toma et al[67], 2020	P	E	B	63		0.508	0	18	20	25		56.2 ± 13.5	452.5 ± 27.7	0.460			453 ± 28		445 ± 27	451 ± 23	459 ± 31
Bhardwaj et al[68], 2020	P	E	B	100	100	0.150	0.530	4	35	61		49.8 ± 13.6	458.5 ± 27.0		424 ± 28
Gaafar et al[69], 2019	P	E	B	112			0						424.4 ± 36.6
Kazankov et al[28], 2019	R	E	B	915									415.0 ± 30.0
Moaref et al[70], 2019	P	E	B	30		0.367					16 ± 5	41.0 ± 6.6
Santeusanio et al[71], 2019	R	E	B	258		0.337	0.097				18 ± 10	59.5 ± 9.7	454.4 ± 27.9	0.403
Biselli et al[72], 2019	R	E	F	474		0.352	0.236				13 ± 5	61.7 ± 12.6	438.0 ± 42.0
Tieranu et al[45], 2018	P	E	B	60		0.433		6	28	26		59.4 ± 7.3	457.8 ± 23.9						456 ± 27	452 ± 26	462 ± 20
Lee et al[39], 2018	R	E	B	283		0.247	0.113				17 ± 11	55.1 ± 7.7	449.9 ± 31.6	0.636								450 ± 32	435 ± 32
Hajiaghamohammadi et al[73], 2018	P	E	B	37		0.432		12	12	13		58.8 ± 11.5	418.5 ± 41.9
Główczyńska et al[44], 2018	R	E	B	151		0.371	0.179	50	73	28	12 ± 5	49.0 ± 12.3	426.3 ± 41.6	0.338			426 ± 41	432 ± 45	423 ± 38	424 ± 46	438 ± 34
Tahata et al[74], 2018	P	E	B	104		0.654		104	0	0		71.1 ± 8.4	415.9 ± 30.6						416 ± 31
Tsiompanidis et al[75], 2018	P	E	B	51		0.373	0.333	22	18	11	28 ± 19	55.2 ± 14.2	428.1 ± 31.0	0.431				437 ± 31	419 ± 30	419 ± 30	435 ± 30
Yap et al[43], 2018	R	E	B	148		0.527	0.155	17	57	9		72.4 ± 14.0	440.3 ± 45.6						464 ± 63	432 ± 33	448 ± 63
Kim et al[76], 2017	R	E	B	406		0.404	0.389				18 ± 9	56.4 ± 9.0	454.5 ± 27.8	0.510
Rimbaş et al[18], 2018	P	E	B	46	46	0.348	0.522	23	16	7	13 ± 5	57.0 ± 9.0	436.0 ± 30.0	0.413	404 ± 21			438 ± 35
Salgado et al[42], 2016	P	E	B	67		0.478	0.239	25	26	16		54.0 ± 12.9	418.7 ± 26.6	0.224					415 ± 34	418 ± 21	426 ± 22
Naqvi et al[34], 2016	P	E	B	89		0.438	0	17	29	43		51.5 ± 12.4	475.1 ± 73.3	0.461					420 ± 36	459 ± 56	508 ± 78
Zhao et al[38], 2016	R	E	B	1268		0.347	0.253	497	528	140	6 ± 7	56.0 ± 12.1		0.382
Sonny et al[77], 2016	R	E	B	106		0.280	0.179				17 ± 8	55.0 ± 9.0	453.0 ± 28.0									453 ± 28	442 ± 29
Barbosa et al[17], 2016	C	E	B	26		0.154	0.769	17	8	1	9 ± 5	54.6 ± 10.4	460.0 ± 23.0	0.769
Carvalheiro et al[78], 2016	R	E	F	106		0.198	0.651	23	24	59	17 ± 8	54.8 ± 8.5		0.189
Pourafkari et al[79], 2016	R	E	B	69		0.348	0.217	14	28	27	17 ± 7	56.8 ± 16.0	452.2 ± 46.0	0.507					453 ± 52	455 ± 40	449 ± 50
Barakat et al[80], 2015	P	E	B	74		0.324	0				19 ± 26		473.1 ± 25.1
Voiosu et al[81], 2015	P	E	F	74		0.378	0.378	43	12	19	13 ± 5	58.0 ± 11.0	418.3 ± 26.8
Cichoż-Lach et al[82], 2015	R	E	B	122	32	0.344	0.664	28	40	54		42.1 ± 12.7	447.5 ± 29.9		394 ± 23		465 ± 50	443 ± 7	438 ± 35	434 ± 40	476 ± 40
Peter et al[83], 2014	P	E	B	78		0.154	0.538				15 ± 5	51.2 ± 11.9	424.0 ± 10.2
Moaref et al[15], 2014	P	E	B	80		0.375		0	0	80		41.0 ± 14.0	490.0 ± 51.0								490 ± 51
Josefsson et al[84], 2014	R	E	B	202		0.307		22	91	89	17 ± 6	52.0 ± 11.0		0.262
Karagiannakis et al[14], 2014	P	E	B	45		0.267	0.444	26	15	3	12 ± 4	57.2 ± 12.4	428.0 ± 27.5
Yataco et al[41], 2014	R	E	B	17		0.471	0.235	0	1	16	29 ± 7	57.9 ± 7.9	461.4 ± 37.4	0.529		461 ± 38	459 ± 31	479 ± 42
Bhatti et al[85], 2014	C	E	B	166		0.422	0	22	69	75		57.1 ± 12.0	429.9 ± 45.1	0.247
Møller et al[86], 2012	P	E	B	10		0.500						55.6 ± 10.0	450.0 ± 20.0
Trevisani et al[87], 2012	R	E	F	70		0.329	0.186				16 ± 1	61.7 ± 12.5	415.9 ± 36.0	0.243
Zamirian et al[24], 2012	P	E	B	243		0.380	0.049						446.9 ± 12.5	0.432			483 ± 20	478 ± 25				447 ± 13	383 ± 49
Kim et al[88], 2011	P	E	B	100		0.140		18	48	34	14 ± 8	52.3 ± 8.3
Shin et al[89], 2011	P	E	B	50		0.200		14	19	17		52.0 ± 7.0	433.2 ± 32.7	0.440
Mozos et al[33], 2011	P	E	B	38		0.500	0.395	16	13	9		58.0 ± 12.0	493.0 ± 46.0	0.711			481 ± 51	527 ± 50	462 ± 25	493 ± 62	520 ± 45
Vuppalanchi et al[90], 2011	P	E	B	14		0.286	0.500				11 ± 2	53.9 ± 9.6
Møller et al[91], 2010	P	E	B	43		0.326	1	17	18	8	11 ± 3	57.4 ± 9.1	453.0 ± 31.0
Zurick et al[23], 2010	R	E	B	269		0.372					21	50.9	448.3 ± 41.3	0.502		449 ± 11						449 ± 41	417 ± 41
Lossnitzer et al[13], 2010	P	E	B	20		0.450	0.600				15 ± 6	52.4 ± 9.4		0.250
Genovesi et al[32], 2009	P	H	B	40		0.000	0.450	26	15	7		56.1 ± 11.2	439.3 ± 30.2	0.525					425 ± 24	452 ± 30	465 ± 24
Zambruni et al[31], 2008	P	E	B	30		0.167	0.233	15	10	5	13 ± 1	58.8 ± 11.0	455.4 ± 26.8	0.367			459 ± 38	450 ± 38	440 ± 16	466 ± 26	486 ± 20
Henriksen et al[92], 2007	P	E	B	48		0.354	0.917	15	19	14		52.1 ± 11.1	450.0 ± 33.9	0.563					441 ± 53	441 ± 39	470 ± 76
Kosar et al[93], 2007	R	E	B	33		0.455		9	15	9		53.0 ± 11.0	412.5 ± 89.6						405 ± 51	411 ± 46	427 ± 64
Hansen et al[12], 2007	P	H	B	23		0.261	0.609	6	10	7		55.0 ± 8.6	441.0 ± 31.7	0.478					420 ± 53	438 ± 48	461 ± 45
Zuberi et al[94], 2007	C	E	B	78		0.269		6	19	53		34.4	438.0 ± 15.0	0.192
Zambruni et al[47], 2007	P	E	B	100	53	0.370	0.210	34	39	27		57.2 ± 7.6	465.2 ± 33.3	0.520	416 ± 24
Ytting et al[7], 2005	P	E	B	80		0.263	0.488	33	33	14		51.0 ± 10.4	447.0 ± 42.3	0.513
Adigun et al[21], 2005	P	E	B	183		0.366	0.164	7	143	33		47.7 ± 7.4	419.6 ± 31.8	0.279		419 ± 35						436 ± 21	421 ± 21
Henriksen et al[95], 2004	P	E	B	24		0.125	1	3	12	9		58.3 ± 11.0	462.0 ± 40.3	0.583				462 ± 40
Bal and Thuluvath[26], 2003	R	E	B	409		0.440	0.196	0	273	136		49.0 ± 14.2	439.4 ± 36.4	0.396				456 ± 42		434 ± 31	451 ± 43	450 ± 39	429 ± 29
Trevisani et al[6], 2003	P	E	B	19		0.474						61.2 ± 6.5	465.0 ± 26.2	0.842
Mimidis et al[30], 2005	R	E	B	52		0.250	0.558	23	19	10		61.3 ± 11.1	466.6 ± 37.8	0.596		468 ± 15	466 ± 43	468 ± 15	446 ± 27	480 ± 39	489 ± 36
Henriksen et al[11], 2002	P	E	B	24	17	0.125	1	3	12	9		58.3 ± 11.0	462.0 ± 40.3	0.375	410 ± 41			462 ± 40
Puthumana et al[29], 2001	R	E	B	130		0.469		42	53	35		52.0 ± 10.0	442.7 ± 29.3	0.446					432 ± 23	443 ± 29	455 ± 33
Quera et al[96], 2000	R	E	B	47									460.0 ± 30.0	0.723
Bernardi et al[3], 1998	P	E	B	94	37	0.277	0.074	24	45	25		53.1 ± 13.6	440.3 ± 31.0	0.468	394 ± 36	444 ± 25		453 ± 25
Finucci et al[4], 1998	P	E	B	75	24	0.360	0.453	23	37	15		57.0 ± 11.0	452.0 ± 33.0	0.600	414 ± 28			463 ± 31				449 ± 31	415 ± 26

C: Case-control; NOS: Newcastle-Ottawa scale; P: Prospective; R: Retrospective; E: Electrocardiography; B: Bazett’s formula; H: Holter; F: Fridericia’s formula; QTc: Corrected QT; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; Tx: Transplantation.