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©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Hepatol. Aug 27, 2023; 15(8): 985-1000
Published online Aug 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i8.985
Published online Aug 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i8.985
Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the study participants metabolic associated fatty liver disease & non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, with and without metabolic associated fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, n (%)
| Characteristics | All | MAFLD | Not MAFLD | NAFLD | Not NAFLD | MAFLD & NAFLD |
| N | 85242 | 34485 (40.5) | 50757 (59.5) | 26403 (31.0) | 58839 (69.0) | 23905 (28.0) |
| General information | ||||||
| Age, yr | 47.19 ± 10.82 | 43.43 ± 11.96 | 47.72 ± 11.17 | 43.71 ± 11.66 | 47.85 ± 11.18 | |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male | 49177 | 26627 (77.21) | 22550 (44.43) | 17927 (67.90) | 31259 (53.12) | 16350 (68.40) |
| Female | 36065 | 7858 (22.79) | 28207 (55.57) | 8476 (32.10) | 27589 (46.88) | 7555 (31.60) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.79 ± 2.69 | 22.44 ± 2.48 | 26.29 ± 2.84 | 23.29 ± 3.12 | 26.64 ± 2.71 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128.50 ± 15.42 | 118.67 ± 15.13 | 127.40 ± 15.67 | 120.52 ± 15.68 | 128.21 ± 15.69 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 79.97 ± 11.06 | 72.17 ± 10.42 | 78.49 ± 10.96 | 73.91 ± 11.24 | 79.06 ± 10.96 | |
| Waist circumference, cm | 90.41 ± 7.68 | 76.78 ± 8.01 | 88.57±8.03 | 79.51 ± 10.03 | 89.43 ± 7.74 | |
| Hip circumference, cm | 97.81 ± 5.52 | 91.53 ± 5.03 | 96.92 ± 5.63 | 92.80 ± 5.83 | 97.42 ± 5.55 | |
| Smoke | ||||||
| Never | 57452 | 19713 (57.18) | 37739 (74.36) | 17589 (66.63) | 39863 (67.76) | 15824 (66.21) |
| Always | 20951 | 11443 (33.19) | 9508 (18.73) | 6663 (25.24) | 14288 (24.29) | 6127 (25.64) |
| Smoke in the past | 3106 | 1666 (4.83) | 1440 (2.84) | 1047 (3.97) | 2059 (3.50) | 956 (4.00) |
| Passive exposure to secondhand smoke | 3720 | 1655 (4.80) | 2065 (4.07) | 1098 (4.16) | 2622 (4.46) | 992 (4.15) |
| Alcohol consumption | ||||||
| Yes | 27567 | 14899 (44.10) | 12668 (25.31) | 5546 (21.31) | 22021 (38.09) | 5042 (21.41) |
| No | 56275 | 18882 (55.90) | 37393 (74.69) | 20478 (78.69) | 35797 (61.91) | 18506 (78.59) |
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 2596 | 1775 (5.15) | 821 (1.62) | 1287 (5.12) | 1309 (2.22) | 1287 (5.38) |
| No | 82645 | 32710 (94.85) | 49935 (98.38) | 25116 (94.88) | 57529 (97.78%) | 22618 (94.61) |
| Inappetence | ||||||
| Never | 57298 | 24017 (69.66) | 33281 (65.57) | 18671 (70.73) | 38627 (65.65) | 16988 (71.08) |
| Occasionally | 24989 | 9446 (27.40) | 15543 (30.62) | 6976 (26.43) | 18013 (30.62) | 6232 (26.08) |
| Often | 2947 | 1016 (2.95) | 1931 (3.80) | 751 (2.84) | 2196 (3.73) | 680 (2.85) |
| Take the initiative to acquire medical knowledge | ||||||
| Yes | 48284 | 19268 (55.88) | 29016 (57.17) | 14989 (56.78) | 33295 (56.59) | 13534 (56.63) |
| No | 36946 | 15210 (44.12) | 21736 (42.83) | 11409 (43.22) | 25537 (43.41) | 10366 (43.37) |
| Laboratory inspection | ||||||
| TG, mmol/L | 2.67 ± 2.40 | 1.32 ± 1.00 | 2.38 ± 2.07 | 1.63 ± 1.67 | 2.47 ± 2.14 | |
| TC, mmol/L | 5.24 ± 1.04 | 4.89 ± 0.92 | 5.19 ± 1.00 | 4.96 ± 0.97 | 5.19 ± 1.01 | |
| LDL-C, mmol/L | 2.88 ± 0.89 | 2.86 ± 0.78 | 2.94 ± 0.87 | 2.84 ± 0.80 | 2.92 ± 0.88 | |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | 1.18 ± 0.24 | 1.42 ± 0.30 | 1.19 ± 0.24 | 1.38 ± 0.31 | 1.18 ± 0.23 | |
| TBIL, μmol/L | 13.38 ± 5.15 | 13.52 ± 5.28 | 13.24 ± 5.15 | 13.56 ± 5.26 | 13.21 ± 5.16 | |
| AST, U/L | 26.83 ± 18.10 | 22.55 ± 17.75 | 25.76 ± 13.67 | 23.74 ± 19.70 | 26.00 ± 14.07 | |
| ALT, U/L | 35.73 ± 27.93 | 21.28 ± 21.60 | 33.86 ± 25.81 | 24.09 ± 24.57 | 34.59 ± 26.44 | |
| A/G | 1.76 ± 0.29 | 1.76 ± 0.31 | 1.75 ± 0.28 | 1.77 ± 0.31 | 1.74 ± 0.28 | |
| FPG, mmol/L | 5.96 ± 1.68 | 5.32 ± 1.77 | 5.88 ± 1.62 | 5.44 ± 1.81 | 5.93 ± 1.65 | |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.91 ± 0.96 | 5.52 ± 0.63 | 5.90 ± 0.95 | 5.59 ± 0.72 | 5.92 ± 0.95 | |
| BUN, mmol/L | 4.97 ± 1.23 | 4.71 ± 1.31 | 4.95 ± 1.23 | 4.75 ± 1.31 | 4.97 ± 1.23 | |
| SUA, μmol/L | 385.23 ± 85.79 | 312.61 ± 79.14 | 372.25 ± 85.03 | 328.43 ± 87.85 | 375.02 ± 85.10 | |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 227.84 ± 54.33 | 225.02 ± 55.02 | 229.55 ± 54.92 | 224.64 ± 54.61 | 229.55 ± 55.11 | |
| Total bile acid, μmol/L | 4.36 ± 5.89 | 3.96 ± 5.25 | 4.24 ± 5.13 | 4.07 ± 5.71 | 4.29 ± 5.25 | |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 77.32 ± 16.64 | 78.80 ± 43.80 | 75.62 ± 17.34 | 72.46 ± 41.16 | 75.84 ± 17.52 | |
| ≥ 2 metabolic abnormalities | ||||||
| Yes | 38399 | 27536 (79.85) | 10863 (21.40) | 19018 (72.03) | 19381 (32.94) | 19018 (79.56) |
| No | 46843 | 6949 (20.15) | 39894 (78.60) | 7385 (27.97) | 39458 (67.06) | 4887 (20.44) |
| Lifestyle management | ||||||
| Do you often eat late night snacks | ||||||
| Never | 56798 | 23097 (66.99) | 33701 (66.40) | 19221 (72.81) | 37577 (63.87) | 17377(72.70) |
| Occasionally | 25624 | 10204 (29.59) | 15420 (30.38) | 6579 (24.92) | 19045 (32.37) | 5971 (24.98) |
| Often | 2811 | 1179 (3.42) | 1632 (3.22) | 600 (2.27) | 2211 (3.76) | 554 (2.32) |
| Crapulent | ||||||
| Yes | 5750 | 3175 (9.21) | 2575 (5.07) | 1799 (6.81) | 3951 (6.72) | 1706 (7.14) |
| No | 79484 | 31305 (90.79) | 48179 (94.93) | 24600 (93.19) | 54884 (93.28) | 22195 (92.86) |
| Food preference | ||||||
| Light | 35389 | 12278 (35.61) | 23111 (45.54) | 10875 (41.20) | 24514 (41.67) | 9665 (40.44) |
| Briny | 26194 | 12755 (36.99) | 13439 (26.48) | 8694 (32.93) | 17500 (29.74) | 8014 (33.53) |
| Unclear | 23649 | 9446 (27.40) | 14203 (27.98) | 6829 (25.87) | 16820 (28.59) | 6221 (26.03) |
| Drink beverage | ||||||
| Never | 46065 | 18399 (82.24) | 27666 (82.51) | 13920 (81.90) | 32145 (82.27) | 12602 (81.58) |
| Occasionally | 9198 | 3653 (16.33) | 5545 (16.54) | 2830 (16.65) | 6368 (16.30) | 2624 (16.99) |
| Often | 806 | 320(1.43) | 320 (0.95) | 246 (1.45) | 560 (1.43) | 222 (1.44) |
| Exercise frequency | ||||||
| 1-2 times/wk | 21380 | 8441 (39.52) | 12939 (41.37) | 6477 (39.69) | 14903 (41.04) | 5820 (39.48) |
| 3-5 times/wk | 21162 | 8672 (40.60) | 12490 (39.94) | 6503 (39.85) | 14659 (40.36) | 5887 (39.93) |
| > 5 times/wk | 10093 | 4247 (19.88) | 5846 (18.69) | 3338 (20.46) | 6755 (18.60) | 3036 (20.59) |
| Exercise training | ||||||
| Yes | 52829 | 21444 (62.20) | 31385 (61.84) | 16404 (62.15) | 36425 (61.91) | 14825 (62.03) |
| No | 32400 | 13033 (37.80) | 19367 (38.16) | 9991 (37.85) | 22409 (38.09) | 9073 (37.97) |
| Exercise duration | ||||||
| < 30 min | 12701 | 4950 (23.17) | 7751 (24.78) | 4085 (25.03) | 8616 (23.72) | 3662 (24.84) |
| 30-60 min | 30669 | 12575 (58.87) | 18094 (57.85) | 9475 (58.06) | 21194 (58.36) | 8568 (58.12) |
| > 60 min | 9266 | 3836 (17.96) | 5430 (17.36) | 2758 (16.90) | 6508 (17.92) | 2513 (17.05) |
| Labour intensity | ||||||
| Light physical labor | 77907 | 31651 (91.78) | 46256 (91.13) | 24186 (91.60) | 53721 (91.30) | 21844 (91.38) |
| Moderate physical labor | 6282 | 2463 (7.14) | 3819 (7.52) | 1940 (7.35) | 4342 (7.38) | 1808 (7.56) |
| Heavy physical labor | 1053 | 371 (1.08) | 682 (1.34) | 277 (1.05) | 776 (1.32) | 253 (1.06) |
| Psychological states | ||||||
| Irritability | ||||||
| Never | 43964 | 18836 (54.63) | 25128 (49.51) | 14745 (55.85) | 29219 (49.67) | 13428 (56.18) |
| Occasionally | 35294 | 13631 (39.53) | 21663 (42.68) | 10152 (38.46) | 25142 (42.74) | 9103 (38.09) |
| Often | 5973 | 2012 (5.84) | 3961 (7.80) | 1502 (5.69) | 4471 (7.60) | 1370 (5.73) |
| Tense and unrelaxed | ||||||
| Never | 54907 | 22753 (65.99) | 31154 (61.38) | 17813 (67.47) | 36094 (61.35) | 16156 (67.59) |
| Occasionally | 26438 | 10081 (29.24) | 16357 (32.23) | 7379 (27.95%) | 19059 (32.39) | 6638 (27.77%) |
| Often | 4890 | 1647 (4.78) | 3243 (6.39) | 1208 (4.58) | 3682 (6.26) | 1108 (4.64) |
| Anxious | ||||||
| Never | 55837 | 23594 (68.43) | 32243 (63.53) | 18363 (69.56) | 37474 (63.69) | 16670 (69.75) |
| Occasionally | 25399 | 9578 (27.78) | 15821 (31.17) | 7059 (26.74) | 18340 (31.17) | 6337 (26.51) |
| Often | 3999 | 1307 (3.79) | 2692 (5.30) | 977 (3.70) | 3022 (5.14) | 894 (3.74) |
| Depress | ||||||
| Never | 59871 | 25192 (73.06) | 34679 (68.32) | 19610 (74.28) | 40261 (68.43) | 17811 (74.52) |
| Occasionally | 22155 | 8306 (24.09) | 13849 (27.29) | 6040 (22.88) | 16115 (27.39) | 5410 (22.63) |
| Often | 3210 | 982 (2.85) | 2228 (4.39) | 750 (2.84) | 2460 (4.18) | 681 (2.85) |
| Sleep | ||||||
| Well | 33017 | 14188 (41.15) | 18829 (37.10) | 11027 (41.77) | 21990 (37.38) | 10043 (42.02) |
| Moderate | 43242 | 16974 (49.23) | 26268 (51.76) | 12894 (48.84) | 30348 (51.58) | 11627 (48.65) |
| Bad | 8974 | 3318 (9.62) | 5656 (11.14) | 2478 (9.39) | 6496 (11.04) | 2231 (9.33) |
- Citation: Huang XJ, Yin M, Zhou BQ, Tan XY, Xia YQ, Qin CX. Impact renaming non-alcoholic fatty liver disease to metabolic associated fatty liver disease in prevalence, characteristics and risk factors. World J Hepatol 2023; 15(8): 985-1000
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-5182/full/v15/i8/985.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v15.i8.985