Respiratory muscle training with electronic devices in the postoperative period of hepatectomy: A randomized study

Table 4 Comparison of respiratory variables measured with the manovacuometer, ventilometer and with the Powerbreathe^®between the preoperative, the first and fifth postoperative days of the inspiratory muscle training group and control group

	GTMI (n = 21)			CG (n = 20)			P value2
Variables	Pre-op	PO first day1	PO fifth day	Pre-op	PO first day	PO fifth day
Manovacuometer
PIM (cmH2O)	110.9 ± 41	71.6 ± 42	115.6 ± 51	115.4 ± 73	77.9 ± 56	99.6 ± 68	0.0131
PEM (cmH2O)	101.0 ± 28	58.1 ± 26	83.1 ± 30	103.5 ± 43	63.0 ± 37	84.8 ± 42	0.6186
Ventilometer
CV (liters/min)	2789 ± 938	1423 ± 589	1937 ± 585	2705 ± 836	1356 ± 392	1737 ± 541	0.6014
VT (mL)	483.2 ± 273	425.2 ± 183	543.7 ± 221	473.1 ± 213	354.9 ± 161	474.2 ± 162	0.2866
VM (liters/min)	6905 ± 3449	7060 ± 2753	11012 ± 5381	7732 ± 3849	6573 ± 2746	9117 ± 3325	0.2091
Powerbreathe®
Energy (joules)	1.24 ± 1.4	0.61 ± 1.2	0.57 ± 0.3	0.87 ± 0.2	0.30 ± 0.1	0.52 ± 0.2	0.3098
Flow (liters/min)	1.78 ± 1.0	0.86 ± 0.8	1.21 ± 0.5	1.52 ± 0.7	0.64 ± 0.3	0.93 ± 0.4	0.4224
Power (watts)	0.99 ± 1.2	0.53 ± 1.0	0.53 ± 0.2	0.67 ± 0.3	0.32 ± 0.2	0.42 ± 0.2	0.3533
Pressure (cmH2O)	4.86 ± 2.0	4.53 ± 1.7	4.31 ± 0.2	4.32 ± 0.2	4.11 ± 0.1	4.31 ± 0.5	0.1405
Volume (liters)	1.82 ± 0.8	0.84 ± 0.5	1.15 ± 0.4	1.75 ± 0.5	0.61 ± 0.2	0.85 ± 0.2	0.0583

¹In Po1 all respiratory measurements were statistically lower (P ≤ 0.0001).

²The statistical test used was ANOVA for repeated measures with transformation by rank of the effect of the interaction between groups and times.

GTMI: Inspiratory muscle training group; PO: Post-operative; CG: Control group; Pre-op: Pre-operative; PIM: Maximum inspiratory pressure; PEM: Maximum inspiratory pressure; VC: Vital capacity; V_T: Tidal volume; VM: Minute volume.