Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2023.
World J Hepatol. May 27, 2023; 15(5): 609-640
Published online May 27, 2023. doi: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i5.609
Table 2 Serological biomarkers for the detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Ref.
Marker
Country
Categories Tested
Sample size (n)
Dx
Cutoff
AUROC (95%CI)
Sens (%)
Spec (%)
PPV (%)
NPV (%)
P value
Boyraz et al[24], 2013Adipo-nectin [µg/mL]TurkeyNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with NAFLD (n = 63), obese non-NAFLD (n = 85)US3.20.948 (0.924-0.972)10083.5< 0.001
Boyraz et al[24], 2013Adipo-nectin [µg/mL]TurkeyGrade 3 vs Grade 1-2 steatosisObese with NAFLD (n = 63), obese non-NAFLD (n = 85)US2.560.809 (0.751-0.867)84.263.6< 0.001
Mohamed et al[25], 2017Adipo-nectin [µg/mL]EgyptNAFLD vs no-NAFLDNAFLD (n = 101), non-NAFLD controls (n = 57)Biopsy2.40.921374.396.5< 0.001
Flisiak-Jackiewicz et al[19], 2018ALTPolandNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with steatosis (n = 72), obese without steatosis (n = 20)MRS0.668 (0.514-0.822)0.0325
Flisiak-Jackiewicz et al[19], 2018ASTPolandNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with steatosis (n = 72), obese without steatosis (n = 20)MRS0.683 (0.532-0.834)0.0173
Mohamed et al[25], 2017Chemerin [ng/mL]EgyptNAFLD vs no-NAFLDNAFLD (n = 101), non-NAFLD controls (n = 57)Biopsy186.70.783656.487.788.952.6< 0.001
Kłusek-Oksiuta et al[46], 2014Chemerin [ng/mL]PolandNAFLD vs no-NAFLDSteatosis (n = 33 via MRS)MRS1900.775580.04
Hua et al[38], 2019FGF-21 [pg/mL]TaiwanPredicting high grade steatosisObese (n = 31), obese with liver steatosis (n = 83), controls (n = 89)US106.10.781 (0.687–0.874)86.560< 0.001
Hua et al[38], 2019FGF-21 + GGTTaiwanPredicting high grade steatosisObese (n = 31), obese with liver steatosis (n = 83), controls (n = 89)US3.3180.861 (0.786–0.937)89.274.6< 0.001
Hua et al[38], 2019FGF-21 + GGT + TGTaiwanPredicting high grade steatosisObese (n = 31), obese with liver steatosis (n = 83), controls (n = 89)US5.4030.871 (0.801–0.942)83.882.5< 0.001
Hua et al[38], 2019FGF-21 + GGT + TGTaiwanPredicting high grade steatosisObese (n = 31), obese with liver steatosis (n = 83), controls (n = 89)US6.6610.873 (0.801–0.945)94.672.9< 0.001
Flisiak-Jackiewicz et al[19], 2018GGTPolandNAFLD vs. no-NAFLDObese with steatosis (n = 72), obese without steatosis (n = 20)MRS0.677 (0.521-0.832)0.0257
Hua et al[38], 2019GGT [U/L]TaiwanPredicting high grade steatosisObese (n = 31), obese with liver steatosis (n = 83), controls (n = 89)US21.50.840 (0.765–0.915)82.570.5< 0.001
Duan et al[18], 2022IL-17 [pg/mL]ChinaObese with NAFLD vs obeseObese with NAFLD (n = 176), obese non-NAFLD (n = 91)US40.030.97 (0.96-0.99)8993.8< 0.001
Flisiak-Jackiewicz et al[19], 2018IL-18 [pg/mL]PolandNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with steatosis (n = 72), obese without steatosis (n = 20)MRS326.80.680 (0.552-0.808)607534600.0058
Flisiak-Jackiewicz et al[19], 2018IL18 + ALT + AST + GGT + TGPolandNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with steatosis (n = 72), obese without steatosis (n = 20)MRS0.782 (0.678-0.887)61859438< 0.001
Duan et al[18], 2022IL-1β [pg/mL]ChinaObese with NAFLD vs obeseObese with NAFLD (n = 176), obese non-NAFLD (n = 91)US11.740.94 (0.91-0.97)84.685.2< 0.001
Duan et al[18], 2022IL-6 [pg/mL]ChinaObese with NAFLD vs obeseObese with NAFLD (n = 176), obese non-NAFLD (n = 91)US8.10.94 (0.91-0.96)91.280.1< 0.001
Boyraz et al[24], 2013RBP4 [µg/mL]TurkeyNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with NAFLD (n = 63), obese non-NAFLD (n = 85)US260.974 (0.960-0.988)10092.9< 0.001
Boyraz et al[24], 2013RBP4 [µg/mL]TurkeyGrade 3 vs Grade 1-2 steatosisObese with NAFLD (n = 63), obese non-NAFLD (n = 85)US350.782 (0.726-0.838)84.268.2< 0.001
Boyraz et al[24], 2013Resistin [ng/mL]TurkeyNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with NAFLD (n = 63), obese non-NAFLD (n = 85)US120.884 (0.849-0.919)10077.7< 0.001
Boyraz et al[24], 2013Resistin [ng/mL]TurkeyGrade 3 vs Grade 1-2 steatosisObese with NAFLD (n = 63), obese non-NAFLD (n = 85)US5.20.661 (0.586-0.736)36.895.5< 0.05
Flisiak-Jackiewicz et al[19], 2018TGPolandNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with steatosis (n = 72), obese without steatosis (n = 20)MRS0.694 (0.574-0.815)0.0015
Hua et al[38], 2019TG [mg/dL]TaiwanPredicting high grade steatosisObese (n = 31), obese with liver steatosis (n = 83), controls (n = 89)US770.732 (0.639–0.824)90.250< 0.001
Elkabany et al[47], 2020Visfatin [ng/mL]EgyptNAFLD vs no-NAFLDObese with NAFLD (n = 31), obese (n = 49), nonobese controls (n = 40)US1883.981.4
ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase; AUROC: Area under the receiving operating characteristic; CI: Confidence interval; Dx: Diagnosis; IL, Interleukin; FGF: Fibroblast growth factor; GGT: Gamma-glutamyl transferase; MRS: Magnetic spectroscopy; NAFLD: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NPV: Negative predictive value; PPV: Positive predictive value; RBP4: Retinol binding protein 4; Sens: Sensitivity; Spec: Specificity; TG: Triglycerides; US: Ultrasound.