Peptic ulcer disease in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hospitalizations: A new challenge on the horizon in the United States

Table 1 Hospitalization trends for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease hospitalizations with peptic ulcer disease in the United States from 2009-2019

Variable	Years
	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018
Total hospitalizations	3745	4563	5230	5655	5759	6885	5745	2880	3070	3430
Mean age (yr)	56.01 ± 0.8	57.07 ± 0.75	56.68 ± 0.81	57.1 ± 0.14	57.1 ± 0.41	57.4 ± 0.59	57.5 ± 0.97	62.4 ± 0.41	62.8 ± 0.8	63.7 ± 0.74
Age groups, yr (%)
18-34	9	8	8	8	7	8	8	3	4	2
35-49	25	24	25	25	23	22	21	12	11	15
50-64	39	42	41	39	42	42	39	44	40	36
65-79	26	25	26	27	28	28	32	42	44	47
≥ 80	< 1	1	1	1	< 1	< 1	< 1	1	1	1
Gender (%)
Male	45	42	43	43	44	44	45	36	40	40
Female	55	48	57	58	56	56	55	64	60	50
Race (%)										0.01
White	72	73	70	71	72	71	70	74	76	76
Black	10	8	9	10	9	11	10	6	5	5
Hispanic	11	13	14	13	12	11	13	14	15	15
Asian	3	3	3	3	2	3	3	2	2	2
Native American	1	< 1	1	1	1	1	1	2	1	1
Other	3	3	3	3	3	4	3	3	2	4
CCI (%)
CCI = 0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
CCI = 1	34	32	34	32	32	31	31	6	6	6
CCI = 2	27	24	23	22	22	22	25	13	8	10
CCI ≥ 3	39	44	43	47	46	47	44	86	86	86
Hospital region (%)
Northeast	13	12	14	16	15	14	14	13	13	16
Midwest	24	24	22	22	22	21	21	28	29	29
South	39	41	43	21	42	43	44	38	37	35
West	24	23	21	21	21	21	21	20	21	19
Hospital bed-size (%)
Small	8	11	11	13	11	16	16	15	16	16
Medium	25	25	22	29	26	32	29	24	25	28
Large	67	64	67	59	63	52	55	61	59	56
Hospital location and teaching status (%)
Rural	8	10	11	10	10	7	7	6	5	5
Urban non-teaching	47	50	45	41	37	26	27	21	20	14
Urban teaching	46	40	44	49	53	67	66	73	75	81
Primary payer
Medicare	41	42	41	44	43	44	44	53	60	60
Medicaid	13	15	14	15	15	16	16	14	11	11
Private	36	35	35	33	34	33	33	30	25	26
Other	10	8	10	8	8	7	7	2	3	3
Median household income (%)
1st (0-25th)	26	27	30	28	31	28	31	31	27	29
2nd (26th-50th)	25	24	25	24	26	29	24	27	32	32
3rd (51st-75th)	30	24	24	26	24	23	26	24	25	21
4th (76th-100th)	19	24	21	22	19	20	19	17	15	18
Upper endoscopy (%)	60	59	62	58	59	59	62	20	22	18

CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index.