Coexistent alcohol-related cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis have a comparable phenotype to either disease alone: A comparative retrospective analysis

Table 3 Select disease-specific characteristics in patients with coexistent disease vs alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis only, n (%)

Characteristics present	CD (n = 133)	Only ACP (n = 87)	P value
Verification criteria fulfilled on imaging
Pancreatic calcifications	88 (66)	64 (74)	0.246
Moderate-severe ductal dilatation	38 (29)	30 (35)	0.354
Moderate-severe ductal structure	18 (14)	14 (16)	0.599
Any gland atrophy	77 (58)	46 (53)	0.463
Moderate-severe gland atrophy	10 (13)	7 (15)	0.88
Gland atrophy not reported	67 (87)	37 (80)	0.25
Diagnosis based on EUS alone	6 (5)	5 (6)	0.681
Chronic pancreatitis features
Acute pancreatitis	101 (76)	74 (85)	0.009
Age at first pancreatitis, yr – mean ± SD	48.1 ± 15.2	41.5 ± 10.6	0.112
Recurrent acute pancreatitis	61 (46)	53 (61)	0.023
Chronic abdominal paina	56 (42)	44 (51)	0.189
Pancreatic pseudocyst	29 (22)	22 (25)	0.549
Diabetes mellitus	54 (41)	50 (58)	0.011
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (Fecal elastase < 100 and/or steatorrhea)	24 (18)	14 (16)	0.708
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	2 (2)	4 (5)	0.163
Treatment of chronic pancreatitis/complications
Oral anti-diabetic therapya	11 (20)	13 (26)	0.113
Insulin therapya	46 (85)	37 (74)	0.209
Pancreatic enzymatic replacement therapya	35 (26)	39 (45)	0.004
Chronic opiate therapya	59 (44)	33 (38)	0.381
Treatment by chronic pain specialist	20 (15)	20 (23)	0.124
Celiac plexus block	0 (0)	2 (2)	0.077
ERCP	41 (31)	43 (49)	0.004
Pseudocyst drainage (endoscopic/surgical)	18 (14)	13 (15)	0.743
Pancreatic surgery	13 (10)	19 (22)	0.012
Pertinent test results
Hemoglobin A1Ca – mean ± SD	6.4 ± 2.3	7.3 ± 2.1	0.01
Vitamin D deficiency	48 (36)	25 (29)	0.104
DEXA scan performed	28 (21)	19 (22)	0.855
Osteopenia on DEXA scan	12 (43)	10 (53)	0.51
Osteopenia on DEXA scan	8 (29)	5 (26)	0.865

^aAt most recent contact. ACP: Alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis; CD: Coexistent disease; ERCP: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; DEXA: Dual-energy-xray-absorptiometry.