May 2022 acute hepatitis outbreak, is there a role for COVID-19 and other viruses?

Table 1 Clinical data from various studies, n (%)

Ref.	Kelgeri et al[9], 2022	Cates et al[10], 2022	Marsh et al[11], 2022	Baker et al[12], 2022	Cumulative data
Demographic data
Country	UK	USA	Scotland, UK	Alabama, USA
Number of patients	44	296	13	9	362
Age (yr), median (range)	4 (1-7)	2.2 (0–9.7)	3.9 (3-5)	2 (1.66-5.7)	3 (0-9.7)
Male/female ratio	0.83:1	1.42:1	1.2:1	0.28:1	1.3:1
Clinical findings
Jaundice	41 (93)	71/123 (57.7)	8/9 (88.9)	8/9 (88.9)	128/185 (69)
Vomiting	24 (54)	76/123 (61.8)	4/4 (100)	7/9 (77.8)	113/180 (63)
Diarrhoea	14 (32)	61/123 (49.6)	4/4 (100)	6/9 (66.7)	85/180 (47.2)
Pale stools	13 (30)	/	/	/	13/44 (30)
Abdominal pain	12 (27)	48/123 (39.0)	7/9 (77.8)	/	69/176 (39)
Lethargy	10 (23)	15/123 (12.2)	4/4 (100)	1/9 (11.1)	30/180 (16.6)
Dark urine	6 (14)	44/123 (35.8)	/	/	50/167 (30.0)
Coryza	6 (14)	20/123 (16.3)	/	3/9 (33.3)	29/176 (16.5)
Pyrexia	4 (9)	51/123 (41.5)	0/4 (0)	5/9 (55.6)	60/180 (33.3)
Pruritus	1 (2)	/	/	/	1/44 (2.0)
Anorexia		65/123 (52.9)	/	/	65/123 (52.9)
Acute live failure	6 (14)	37/123 (30.1)	/	1/9 (11.1)	44/176 (25)

UK: The United Kingdom; USA: The United States of America.